results fifty-seven patients were enrolled; 35 patients (62.5 %) were male. the mean of etco2 and paco2 of patients were 41.49 ± 9.80 and 64.74 ± 9.76, respectively. the mean of paco2 was significantly more than the means of etco2 in patients with copd. the association between arterial bicarbonate and etco2 was weak and not significant (p = 0.136 and r = 0.04). conclusions capnography can be us...

conclusions these results showed the preventive effect of hydroethanolic extract of n. sativa on tracheal responsiveness of guinea pig model of copd, which was as effective as vitamin c. results the tracheal responsiveness to both methacholine and ovalbumin in guinea pigs with copd were significantly higher than those of controls (p < 0.001 for both cases). the tracheal responsiveness in the co...

Tiotropium represents a new generation of inhaled therapy. No other inhaled product has demonstrated effectiveness with once-daily dosing. Treatment has been associated with improved lung function, decrease in the number of exacerbations, increase in the time to first exacerbation, and improved quality of life. Adverse effects appear to be mild in nature, and the only significant adverse effect...

introduction:the overlap syndrome, consisting ofobstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (osahs) and chronic obstructvie pulmonary disease (copd) is a major problem in copd patients. oshas corresponds to the likelihood of systemic hypertension.the present study was aimed to evaluate the association between apnea-hypopnea index and diastolic blood presssure (dbp) in overlap  patients. materials...

C pulmonary diseases, a s m a i n l y d e f i n e d b y asthma, bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease, pulmonary hypertension etc., represent the third leading cause of death in United States and account for more than 143,382 deaths in 201148. The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in India is estimated to be 31.4–57.1% over 6...