one of the difficulties in using absolute altitudes is the separation between the mean open sealevel and geoid. theoretically, geoid is the base level in absolute altitudes, but practically, the mean open sealevel is used as a base level for absolute altitudes. the difference between these two levels is called as the seasurface topography. in this research, it is dealt the mean sea level modeli...

Abstract This study examines the climatology and dynamics of atmospheric blocking, general circulation features that influence blocks in GFDL’s atmosphere-only (AM4) coupled atmosphere–ocean (CM4) comprehensive models. We compare AM4 CM4 with reanalysis, focusing on winter Northern Hemisphere. Both models generate correct blocking planetary-scale signatures stationary wave. However, at regional...