growing number of evidence indicates that individuals' motivational structure - the patterning of an individual's way of relating to goals - plays an important role in increasing the risk of alcohol use. adaptive motivational structure which includes pursuit of important, subjectively attainable, alcohol-unrelated goals is inversely related to substance use. the strength of this relationship in...

.................................................................................................................................................. 6 1 Introductory Comments .................................................................................................................. 8 1.1 Background ...............................................................................................

Congressional voting records have historically been used both to attack and defend legislators during elections. Media spend a significant amount of effort fact checking claims on voting records, but manual checking requires considerable expertise and time and is difficult to scale up. As an aid to fact checkers and researchers, we have built a system called iCheck. iCheck enables in-depth expl...

PURPOSE To analyze and compare malpractice claims rates between male and female ophthalmologists and test the hypothesis that claims rates are equal between the two sexes. METHODS A retrospective, cohort study review was made of all claims reported to the Ophthalmic Mutual Insurance Company from January 1990 through December 2008 in which an expense (including indemnity and/or legal defense c...

For calculating non-life insurance premiums, actuaries traditionally rely on separate severity and frequency models using covariates to explain the claims loss exposure. In this paper, we focus claim severity. First, build two reference models, a generalized linear model additive model, relying log-normal distribution of including most significant factors. Thereby, relate continuous variables r...

is the total claim amount. In the classical theory it is assumed that (i) N and (Y1, Y2, . . .) are independent random variables (r.v.’s); (ii) Y1, Y2, . . . are independent and (iii) Y1, Y2, . . . have the same distribution. The assumptions (ii) and (iii) of mutual independence between the components of the sum is very convenient, mainly because the mathematics is easier. In many situations, t...

Stop loss is a nonproportional type of reinsurance and works similarly to excess-of-loss reinsurance. While excess-of-loss is related to single loss amounts, either per risk or per event, stop-loss covers are related to the total amount of claims X in a year – net of underlying excess-of-loss contracts and/or proportional reinsurance. The reinsurer pays the part of X that exceeds a certain amou...