Among the many grammatical features which are shared between Hiw and Lo-Toga – the two Oceanic languages spoken in the Torres Islands of Vanuatu – are the semantics of Tense-AspectMood markers, and their effects on the syntax of clause dependency. Even though these two languages possess a wealth of subordinators such as conjunctions or relativizers, two TAM markers show a clear propensity, in f...

We investigate connections between SAT (the propositional satisfiability problem) and combinatorics, around the minimum degree of variables in various forms of redundancy-free boolean conjunctive normal forms (clause-sets). Let μvd(F ) ∈ N for a clause-set F denote the minimum variable-degree, the minimum of the number of occurrences of a variable. A central result is the upper bound σ(F ) + 1 ...

The goal of the presented project is to assign a structure of clauses to Czech sentences from the Prague Dependency Treebank (PDT) as a new layer of syntactic annotation, a layer of clause structure. The annotation is based on the concept of segments, linguistically motivated and easily automatically detectable units. The task of the annotators is to identify relations among segments, especiall...

Even though, a lot of research has already been done on Machine Translation, translating complex sentences has been a stumbling block in the process. To improve the performance of machine translation on complex sentences, simplifying the sentences becomes imperative. In this paper, we present a rule based approach to address this problem by simplifying complex sentences in Hindi into multiple s...

We compare two approaches to dependency tree linearization, a task which arises in many NLP applications. The first one is the widely used ’overgenerate and rank’ approach which relies exclusively on a trigram language model (LM); the second one combines language modeling with a maximum entropy classifier trained on a range of linguistic features. The results provide strong support for the comb...

a contractual relationship is commonly based on statements, expectations, acts and omissions out of which some will, and others will not, give rise to contractual obligations. to avoid uncertainty as to what is agreed, the contract parties often enter into a written contract that is supposed to express the final agreement between them and prevent the parties from relying on rights and obligatio...

Most natural-language-processing (NLP) tasks suffer performance degradation when encountering long complex sentences, such as semantic parsing, syntactic machine translation, and text summarization. Previous works addressed the issue with intuition of decomposing sentences linking simple ones, rhetorical-structure-theory (RST)-style discourse split-and-rephrase (SPRP), simplification (TS), sent...

in various legal systems, with adoption of the validity of exclusion clause as a rule, in the exceptional instances for the reason of social importance of the matter and contrary to the public policy, exclusion clause is void. thus, in the case of death; bodily injuries; deliberated breach of contract or legal duty ;gross negligence and deception imputed to party relying to exclusion clause, it...

in state-investor dispute, investor tends that umbrella clause transfers all contractual claims to treaty claims. by contracts, state follows narrow interpretation of this clause. up to ilc articles, establishing of responsibility of state for breach of contract requires tow preconditions. first state is merely responsible when state condoct has been of governmental nature and second is that br...