The potential of East African Rift Valley lakes as sources for robust equatorial climate records has been greatly demonstrated (Gasse, 1989; Johnson, 1996; Livingstone, 1965; Livingstone, 1975), yet studies of annual-to-decadal scale late-Holocene climatic variations are few (Cole et al., 2000; Johnson, 2001; Russell et al., 2003; Verschuren et al., 2000). Such studies are exceedingly important...

Inferences of past climatic conditions from a sedimentary record from Big Lake, British Columbia, Canada, over the past 5,500 years show strong millennial-scale patterns, which oscillate between periods of wet and drier climatic conditions. Higher frequency decadal- to centennial-scale fluctuations also occur within the dominant millennial-scale patterns. These changes in climatic conditions ar...

Mangroves are among the most well described and widely studied wetland communities in the world. The greatest threats to mangrove persistence are deforestation and other anthropogenic disturbances that can compromise habitat stability and resilience to sea-level rise. To persist, mangrove ecosystems must adjust to rising sea level by building vertically or become submerged. Mangroves may direct...

The national resurgence of human West Nile virus (WNV) disease in 2012 raised questions about the factors responsible for WNV outbreaks. Interannual climatic variations may influence WNV amplification and transmission to humans through multiple pathways, including mosquito breeding habitats, gonotrophic cycles, extrinsic incubation, avian communities, and human behavior. We examined the influen...

[1] We present a high-resolution climate record from a sediment core spanning an 80-kyr interval of time during the mid-Pliocene epoch, when warmer conditions and lower global ice volume prevailed worldwide. Oxygen and carbon isotope analyses were made on benthic and planktonic foraminifera from ODP Site 981 in the North Atlantic. The amplitude and approximate recurrence interval of suborbital ...

Introduction: Estimates of the global inventory of water on Mars based on a determination of the amount of water required to erode the outflow channels suggest that a quantity equivalent to a global ocean 0.5 to 1 km deep may be stored in the planet’s subsurface [1, 2]. As this inventory post dates the timing of the most efficient processes that may have lead to its removal, the majority of thi...

The influence of decadal scale climatic variations on the decline of Columbia River salmon was not realized until recently. I evaluate the implications of this omission using a stock recruitment model with climatic and anthropogenic factors. I conclude that fisheries managers over the past century have misinterpreted the anthropogenic impacts on Columbia River salmon. In particular, I suggest t...

BACKGROUND Anthropometric variation can be fruitfully utilized to investigate microevolutionary processes. Anthropometric variations in the Indian subcontinent based on stature and three indices (Cephalic Index, Nasal Index, and Total Facial Index) are highly variable and discriminative among populations across geographical regions. AIMS Anthropometric variation in stature, Cephalic Index (CI...

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is primarily influenced by the northern hemispheric middle latitude Westerlies and the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). The extent, long-distance effects and potential long-term changes of these two atmospheric circulations are not yet fully understood. Here, we analyse modern airborne pollen in a transition zone of seasonally alternating dominance of the Westerlies and the...