The mechanism and energetics of citrate transport in Leuconostoc oenos were investigated. Resting cells of L. oenos generate both a membrane potential (delta psi) and a pH gradient (delta pH) upon addition of citrate. After a lag time, the internal alkalinization is followed by a continuous alkalinization of the external medium, demonstrating the involvement of proton-consuming reactions in the...

A longevity gene called Indy (for 'I'm not dead yet'), with similarity to mammalian genes encoding sodium-dicarboxylate cotransporters, was identified in Drosophila melanogaster. Functional studies in Xenopus oocytes showed that INDY mediates the flux of dicarboxylates and citrate across the plasma membrane, but the specific transport mechanism mediated by INDY was not identified. To test wheth...

A hydrometallurgical treatment under ambient conditions was proposed in order to eliminate and recover the lead zinc contained a sample of thermal coal fly ash used produce energy. By using leaching solutions with conventional inorganic acids (HCl, HNO3, H2SO4), ferric chloride, sodium citrate, more than 90% approximately 40% were obtained. The most favorable set at 0,5 M, pH value 8 for citrat...

BACKGROUND Few treatments are available to slow the progression to renal failure in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD). In an animal model of PKD, the male heterozygous Han:SPRD rat, intake of a solution of potassium citrate plus citric acid (KCitr) from age one to three months prevented a decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The present study tested whether this benefic...

Clostridium perfringens-associated necrotic enteritis causes significant economic losses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bismuth citrate, lactose, and organic acid on the development of necrotic enteritis in broilers. The first study was a dose response that evaluated bismuth citrate at 50, 100, or 200 ppm on bacterial intestinal colonization and lesion development as...

background: polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos) is associated with approximately 75% of women who suffer from infertility due to anovulation. additionally, around 20– 25% of anovulatory women with pcos do not respond at all to clomiphene citrate and are considered to be “clomiphene– resistant”. aromatase inhibitors have been suggested as an alternative treatment to clomiphene as the discrepancy be...