High redshift galaxy clusters have traditionally been a fruitful place to study galaxy evolution. I review various search strategies for finding clusters at z > 1. Most efforts to date have concentrated on the environments of distant AGN. I illustrate these with data on the cluster around 3C 324 (z = 1.2) and other, more distant systems, and discuss possibilities for future surveys with large t...

With the help of a statistical parameter derived from optical spectra, we show that the current star formation rate of a galaxy, falling into a cluster along a supercluster filament, is likely to undergo a sudden enhancement before the galaxy reaches the virial radius of the cluster. From a sample of 52 supercluster-scale filaments of galaxies joining a pair of rich clusters of galaxies within ...

The stellar initial mass function (IMF) integrated over an entire galaxy is an integral over all separate star-formation events. Since most stars form in star clusters with different masses the integrated IMF becomes an integral of the (universal or invariant) canonical stellar IMF over the star-cluster mass function. This integrated IMF is steeper (contains fewer massive stars per Gtype star) ...

Galaxies in clusters are gas-deficient and a number of possible explanations for this observation have been advanced, including galaxy-cluster tidal interactions, galaxy harassment, and ISM-ICM gas stripping. In this paper, we use a cosmological simulation of cluster formation and evolution in order to examine this issue from a theoretical standpoint. We follow a large number of galaxies over t...

By means of simple numerical models we discuss whether collisionless stellar evaporation from cluster elliptical galaxies could be an effective mechanism for the production of intracluster stellar populations. The effectiveness of this mechanism is due to the fact that, for realistic galaxy and cluster models, the galaxy oscillation periods near equilibrium configurations in the cluster tidal f...

The effects of cluster mergers on the metal enrichment of the intra-cluster gas in clusters of galaxies are reviewed. Mergers can influence the metal production as well as the gas ejection processes, which transport the gas from the galaxy potential wells into the intra-cluster gas. Several processes are discussed: ram-pressure stripping, galactic winds and star formation activity. Simulations ...

We report on the identification of a new cluster in the far halo of the M31 galaxy. The cluster, named Bologna 514 (B514) has an integrated magnitude M V = −8.5 ± 0.6, and a radial velocity, as estimated from two independent low-resolution spectra, V r = −456 ± 23 km/s, which fully confirms its membership to the M31 system. The observed integrated spectrum is very similar to those of classical ...

Some factors connecting the evolutionary histories of galaxies with the characteristics of their cluster systems are reviewed. Unanswered questions include: How is one to understand the observation that some globular cluster systems have disk kinematics whereas others do not? Why do some galaxies have cluster systems with unimodal metallicity distributions, whereas others have bimodal metallici...

Cluster galaxies moving through the intracluster medium (ICM) are expected to lose some of their interstellar medium (ISM) through ram pressure stripping and related ISM-ICM interactions. Using high-resolution cosmological simulations of a large galaxy cluster including star formation, we show that the ram pressure a galaxy experiences at a fixed distance from the cluster center can vary by wel...

As part of a continuing study of the effect of cluster environment on the star formation properties of galaxies, we have undertaken an Hα objective prism survey of the nearby cluster, Abell 1060. We detect 33 galaxies in emission, 24 of which are cluster members. We present new radial velocity measurements and Hα+[N ii] equivalent widths and fluxes for a number of these galaxies. We distinguish...