In the period 1968--78, 3161 children were enrolled in six studies of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia by participating institutions of the Childrens Cancer Study Group. In the first two studies, which did not include central-nervous-system (CNS) prophylaxis in the treatment programme, the outcome for male and female patients was very similar. In the following four studies, which included radiatio...

Objective: The aim of this study is to show the ultrasound findings in different fetal brain anomalies and specify those which may raise the suspicion of associated extra cranial anomalies. Patients and Method: 60 pregnant women with suspected CNS fetal anomalies by 2D US were examined over a period of 18 months starting from November 2010 until May 2012. Fetal gestation ranged from 8-39 weeks ...

INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis remains as a global public health problem and its occurrence and distribution is associated with social inequalities. Itaboraí is among the priority Brazilian municipalities for tuberculosis control. The study aimed to combine social indicators into a composite indicator to measure differences in living conditions of the population in Itaboraí, as well as evidence of h...

Prospective observations on 442 consecutive samples have confirmed that pregnancies with CNS malformations are regularly associated with an abnormal cellular content of amniotic fluid. A crude semiquantitative test of the cell content can give valuable clinical information in relation to borderline amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein values, and help to detect false positive AFP's.

Reports of neurologic impairment of children following recovery from acute lead encephalopathy have raised questions concerning the effects of chronic low-level lead exposure on the central nervous system. Behavioral toxicologic techniques have been employed to assess the effects of lead on the central nervous system in sheep. Mature sheep receiving daily doses of 100 mg lead/kg showed a signif...

BACKGROUND The quality of data in national health information systems has been questionable in most developing countries. However, the mechanisms of errors in the case identification process are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of errors in the case identification process in the existing routine health information system (RHIS) in the Philippines by measuring...

The PAX2 gene is mutated in patients with ocular colobomas, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), and kidney anomalies (renal-coloboma syndrome, OMIM 120330). The three abnormalities which make up this syndrome also occur in isolation, but the causal genes are not known. PAX2 encodes a transcription factor of the paired box class of DNA binding proteins, important for the development of the urogenital t...

thrombin is a multifunctional enzyme which has key roles in coagulation cascade and inflammatory events. the pro-inflammatory functions of thrombin occur by different mechanisms including increasing mast cell degranulation, up-regulating the expression of cell adhesion molecules (cams) and promoting the secretion of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. dysregulated signaling functions of thro...

Multiplanar mode: nomenclature The multiplanar mode is probably the most useful tool for assessment of the fetal central nervous system (CNS). With this mode of display, the plane parallel to the acquisition plane or “start” appears in the upper left corner of the screen and is identified with the letter A. The plane perpendicular to A, but parallel to the ultrasound beam, is identified with th...