In this research work, we report a simple method called reflux condensation method for synthesizing Co3O4 nanoparticles using cheap chemicals such as, cobalt acetate (precursor salt), sodium monododecyl sulphate - SDS (surfactant) and N, N - Dimethylformamide - DMF (solvent). The prepared materials were heat treated at 200, 400, 600 and 800 oC for each 2 h to get phase pure product. The calcine...

We present a parameterisation of aerosol activation, including co-condensation of semi-volatile organics, for warm clouds that has applications in large-scale numerical models. The scheme is based on previously developed parameterisations that are in the literature, but has two main modifications. The first is that the total aerosol mass is modified by the condensation of organic vapours enteri...

Many high-yielding reactions for forming peptide bonds have been developed but these are complex, requiring activated amino-acid precursors and heterogeneous supports. Herein we demonstrate the programmable one-pot dehydration-hydration condensation of amino acids forming oligopeptide chains in around 50% yield. A digital recursive reactor system was developed to investigate this process, perfo...

Palladium catalysts deposited over different types of silica (amorphous silica, mesoporousmolecular sieves, solids obtained by co-condensation of silicate precursors and many others) modified with suitable donor moieties have gained enormous importance due to their wide application as catalysts for cross-coupling and other synthetically useful organic reactions. This work provides an overview o...

The trans-polyisoprene compounds are synthesized by trans-isoprenyl diphosphate synthase (IDS) with consecutive condensation of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) to dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). The in vitro condensation by IDS does not proceed efficiently by hydrophobic interaction between IDS and the hydrocarbon of longer products. In the present study, the enzymatic synthesis of trans-polyi...

A novel hybrid organic-inorganic silica-based monolithic column possessing phenyl ligands for reversed-phase (RP) capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is described. The monolithic stationary phase was prepared by in situ co-condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) with phenyltriethoxysilane (PTES) via a two-step catalytic sol-gel procedure to introduce phenyl groups distributed throughout the ...

The sol-gel co-condensation of organo-phosphonates to titanium alkoxides enables access to novel organic-inorganic hybrids based on phosphonate-bridged titanium dioxide. In this contribution, we bring new perspectives to the long established sol-gel mineralization of titanium alkoxide species, by harnessing the virtues of the well-designed phosphonate-terminated phosphorus dendrimers as reactiv...

In experiments modeling volcanic or hydrothermal settings amino acids were converted into their peptides by use of coprecipitated (Ni,Fe)S and CO in conjunction with H2S (or CH3SH) as a catalyst and condensation agent at 100 degreesC and pH 7 to 10 under anaerobic, aqueous conditions. These results demonstrate that amino acids can be activated under geochemically relevant conditions. They suppo...

A rapid and environmentally friendly method is developed for the synthesis of a series of new substituted 2-amino-4H-pyran-3-carbonitriles through a one-pot condensation of malononitrile and α, α'-bis(arylidene) cycloalkanones in ethanol by using K(2)CO(3) as a catalyst. Short experimental reaction times, excellent yields, no need to use cumbersome apparatus for purification of the products, an...

The term ‘Enzyme’ came from the Greek word ‘Enzymos’ means ‘In the cells or Ferments’. These are naturally available, high molecular weight proteins, capable of catalyzing chemical reaction of biological process and therefore popular as ‘Biocatalyst’. Enzymes are soluble organic substance, produced by living organisms whose different amino acids form long poly peptide chains (-HN-R-CONH-R-CO-)n...