The metabolic cofactor coenzyme A (CoA) gained renewed attention because of its roles in neurodegeneration, protein acetylation, autophagy and signal transduction. The long-standing dogma is that eukaryotic cells obtain CoA exclusively via the uptake of extracellular precursors, especially vitamin B5, which is intracellularly converted through five conserved enzymatic reactions into CoA. This s...

In rat liver hypo-osmotically treated mitochondria, 2-mercaptoacetate inhibits respiration induced by palmitoyl-CoA, octanoate or butyryl-CoA only when the reaction medium is supplemented with ATP. Under this condition, NADH-stimulated respiration is not affected. In liver mitochondrial matrix, the presence of ATP is also required to observe a 2-mercaptoacetate-induced inhibition of acyl-CoA de...

1. Deca-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid is a substrate for both ATP-specific (EC 6.2.1.2 or 3) and GTP-specific (EC 6.2.1.-) acyl-CoA synthetases of rat liver mitochondria. The enzymic synthesis of decatetraenoyl-CoA results in new spectral characteristics. The difference spectrum for the acyl-CoA minus free acid has a maximum at 376nm with epsilon(mM) 34. Isosbestic points are at 345nm and 440nm. 2. T...

Rat liver peroxisomes contain three acyl-CoA oxidases: palmitoyl-CoA oxidase, which oxidizes the CoA esters of straight chain fatty acids and prostaglandins; pristanoyl-CoA oxidase, which oxidizes the CoA esters of 2-methyl-branched fatty acids (e.g. pristanic acid); and trihydroxycoprostanoyl-CoA oxidase, which oxidizes the CoA esters of the bile acid intermediates di- and trihydroxycoprostani...

Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is present in humans with type 2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) and obesity and in rodents with these disorders. Malonyl CoA is a regulator of carnitine palmitoyl transferase l (CAP I), the enzyme that controls the transfer of long chain fatty acyl CoA into mitochondria, where it is oxidized. In rat skeletal muscle, the formation of malo...

Biotin-containing 3-methylcrotonyl coenzyme A (MC-CoA) carboxylase (MCCase) and geranyl-CoA (G-CoA) carboxylase (GCCase) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa were expressed as His-tagged recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. Both native and recombinant MCCase and GCCase showed pH and temperature optima of 8.5 and 37 degrees C. The apparent K(0.5) (affinity constant for non-Michaelis-Menten kinetics ...

Coenzyme A (CoA) and its thioester derivatives are important cofactors participating in over 100 different reactions in intermediary metabolism of microorganisms. The time profiles of intracellular CoA and acetyl-CoA levels were studied in an aerobic batch reactor. The CoA level starts at a high value and falls off gradually over the exponential and stationary growth phases, reaching negligible...

4-Chlorobenzoate degradation in cell extracts of Acinetobacter sp. strain 4-CB1 occurs by initial synthesis of 4-chlorobenzoyl coenzyme A (4-chlorobenzoyl CoA) from 4-chlorobenzoate, CoA, and ATP. 4-Chlorobenzoyl CoA is dehalogenated to 4-hydroxybenzoyl CoA. Following the dehalogenation reaction, 4-hydroxybenzoyl CoA is hydrolyzed to 4-hydroxybenzoate and CoA. Possible roles for the CoA moiety ...

Pent4enoate is the simplest hypoglycaemic analogue of methylencyclopropylacetate, an active metabolite of the toxic amino acid hypoglycin (see Sherratt et al., 1971). These unusual fatty acids inhibit 8-oxidation (von Holt et al., 1966; Senior et al., 1968); it has been assumed that they do so by the same mechanism because of the requirement for the CH,=C-C-C-CO,H group for hypoglycaemic activi...

in the present study, 110 fungal strains of persian type culture collection (ptcc) including some selected strains isolated in various screening projects were tested for their potentiality to produce lovastatin, a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa reductase (hmg-coa reduc-tase), the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis. the fungal strains were cultivated in a t...