action 2a, might react according to Reaction 3, in the presence of propionyl-CoA carboxylase, to form methylmalonyl-CoA. In order to clarify the mechanism of propionyl-CoA carboxylation further purification of the ‘Yluorokinase” and carboxylase systems was undertaken. L’F1uorokinase” was crystallized from rabbit muscle and, as already reported (4), appears to be identical with pyruvic kinase, t...

We have previously shown that bolus intravenous administration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) to normal rats results in a rapid (within 90 min) stimulation of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, which is sustained for 17 hr. We now demonstrate that TNF stimulates fatty acid synthesis by several mechanisms. Fatty acid synthetase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (measured after maximal stimulation by citrate...

Malonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) is a crucial extender unit for the synthesis of mycolic and other fatty acids in mycobacteria, generated in a reaction catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase. We previously reported on the essentiality of accD6Mtb encoding the functional acetyl-CoA carboxylase subunit in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Strikingly, the homologous gene in the fast-growing, non-pathogenic Mycobac...

Type I modular polyketide synthases assemble diverse bioactive natural products. Such multienzymes typically use malonyl and methylmalonyl-CoA building blocks for polyketide chain assembly. However, in several cases more exotic alkylmalonyl-CoA extender units are also known to be incorporated. In all examples studied to date, such unusual extender units are biosynthesized via reductive carboxyl...

Die nachhaltige Abscheidung und Umwandlung von Kohlendioxid (CO2) ist ein Schlüssel für das Erreichen einer kreislauforientierten Kohlenstoffwirtschaft. Bioelektrokatalyse verspricht, dieses Ziel zu erreichen. funktionale Integration CO2-fixierenden Enzymen in Materialien zur Elektrodenfunktionalisierung die Elektrosynthese stereochemisch komplexer Moleküle muss jedoch erst noch demonstriert we...

The cytosolic isoform of plant acetyl-CoA carboxylase is a multidomain enzyme involved in the synthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids and in secondary metabolism. Chromosome mapping of wheat identified one locus containing cytosolic acetyl-CoA carboxylase genes (Acc-2) and a related partially processed pseudogene (Psi-Acc-2) in the distal region of the long arm of wheat homoeologous group 3 ch...

Extracts from human leukocytes have been examined for the enzymes of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. These extracts do not catalyze the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids because they lack acetyl CoA carboxylase, the first enzyme unique to the fatty acid synthesis pathway. Since these cells cannot form malonyl CoA, they are unable to synthesize long-chain fatty acids. This inability can be co...

Insulin stimulates fatty acid synthesis in white and brown fat cells as well as in liver and mammary tissue. Hormones that increase cellular cyclic AMP concentrations inhibit fatty acid synthesis, at least in white adipose tissue and liver. These changes in fatty acid synthesis occur within minutes. In white fat cells, they are brought about not only by changes in glucose transport but also cha...

1. A newly developed biotin assay was used to monitor plasma and urinary biotin concentration after the oral administration of biotin. 2. In two normal subjects, leucocyte propionyl-CoA carboxylase and beta-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase were markedly stimulated after the administration of biotin.

The process leading to the rise of acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity in rat mammary tissue after the onset of lactation was investigated. The kinetics of change in enzyme activity and enzyme immunotitratable with antibody against avian liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase were determined during the course of lactogenic differentiation. The antibody inactivates and specifically precipitates acetyl-CoA car...