OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of ibuprofen on posttonsillectomy bleeding when compared with codeine in posttonsillectomy analgesia. STUDY DESIGN Case series with chart review. SETTING Tertiary care children's hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. SUBJECTS AND METHODS On July 1, 2012, our institution transitioned from acetaminophen with codeine to ibuprofen for posttonsillectomy analge...

In 2009 we reported the fatal case of a toddler who had received codeine after adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The child was an ultra-rapid metabolizer of cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6). We now report 3 additional fatal or life-threatening cases from North America. In the 2 fatal cases, functional gene duplications encoding for CYP2D6 caused a significantly greater product...

Administering codeine to breast-feeding mothers had been considered safe until the recent death of a breast-fed neonate whose mother had been prescribed codeine. We investigated the risk of opioid poisoning to breast-fed neonates using coupled physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for the mother and child. Neonatal morphine plasma concentrations were simulated for various combinations of...

Curiosity about codeine can lead to copious information, so first it?s good to focus on the basics. Codeine is a prescription opioid/narcotic analgesic [2] that?s typically used to reduce coughing or to relieve mild to moderate pain by acting on the central nervous system (CNS, more on this later). That said, it?s good to be aware of potential risks associated with taking this medication. Codei...

Curiosity about codeine can lead to copious information, so first it?s good to focus on the basics. Codeine is a prescription opioid/narcotic analgesic [2] that?s typically used to reduce coughing or to relieve mild to moderate pain by acting on the central nervous system (CNS, more on this later). That said, it?s good to be aware of potential risks associated with taking this medication. Codei...

Evidence Single-agent comparisons: • Ibuprofen versus acetaminophen versus codeine: RCT1 of 336 children with MSK injuries (54% fractures). -At 60 minutes on a 100-mm pain scale, ibuprofen led to —greater mean reduction (-24 mm) versus acetaminophen (-12 mm) or codeine (-11 mm). —more patients achieving adequate analgesia (< 30 mm) versus acetaminophen (number needed to treat [NNT] = 7) or code...

Smoking is predisposed by social, environmental and genetic factors including variation in CYP2A6, CYP2D and CYP2B6, which encode nicotine and codeine metabolizing enzymes. In early adolescence, CYP2A6-induced slow nicotine metabolism was related with higher dependence and reduced cigarette consumption. Our commentary has fully extended prior work illustrating that slow nicotine metabolism medi...

16 Alkaloids including galanthamine (1) and codeine (2) are reported to be positive allosteric 17 modulators of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) but the binding sites responsible 18 for this activity are not known with certainty. Analogues of galanthamine (1), codeine (2) and 19 morphine (3) with reactivity towards cysteine thiols were synthesised including conjugated 20 enone derivat...

Curiosity about codeine can lead to copious information, so first it?s good to focus on the basics. Codeine is a prescription opioid/narcotic analgesic [2] that?s typically used to reduce coughing or to relieve mild to moderate pain by acting on the central nervous system (CNS, more on this later). That said, it?s good to be aware of potential risks associated with taking this medication. Codei...

Curiosity about codeine can lead to copious information, so first it?s good to focus on the basics. Codeine is a prescription opioid/narcotic analgesic [2] that?s typically used to reduce coughing or to relieve mild to moderate pain by acting on the central nervous system (CNS, more on this later). That said, it?s good to be aware of potential risks associated with taking this medication. Codei...