The electro-oculographic (EOG) features of both horizontal and vertical eye movements in congenital oculomotor apraxia (COMA) were not previously reported. A girl referred to the ophthalmologic department for abnormal eye movements was diagnosed as COMA. The same abnormal ocular movements were observed in her younger sister and her father who was unaware of his difficulties to initiate voluntar...

ALTHOUGH retinitis pigmentosa is a fairly common affection and an important cause of blindness, relatively few cases have been examined histologically. Cogan (1950) found some twenty cases in the literature and himself described three more. The condition most commonly shows a recessive mode of inheritance (Sorsby, 1951), and all the cases so far described for which family histories are recorded...

HAIDINGER (1844) described ain entoptic phenomenon seen in plane polarized white light consisting of the appearance round the fixation point of yellow and blue " brushes " or " sheaves ", the yellowr brushes being pcarallel to the plane of polarization of the light. This appearance was the subject of much speculation during the following years, and several explanations for the phenonmenon were ...

BACKGROUND To evaluate the reliability of the Cogan lid twitch (CLT) test in a neuro-ophthalmology clinic. METHODS CLT testing was performed on adult patients presenting to the neuro-ophthalmology clinic by the neuro-ophthalmologist. The patients were instructed to look straight ahead, up, down, and straight ahead again. The upper eyelids were carefully evaluated immediately following this mo...

The major objective of this lecture is to illustrate how eye cancer research has dramatically affected not only patients with these ocular tumors, but also our fundamental understanding of cancer biology and many other aspects of biomedical research. Retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma, the two most common eye cancers in children and adults, respectively, are very different clinically and biologi...

I met Charles Schepens (Figure1) in 1955 when I was sent to the Howe Laboratory in Boston for a Heed fellowship with David Cogan. Dr Schepens had emigrated to the United States and to the Howe Laboratory from London 8 years before. Just before I left for Boston, Edward Norton, a friend at the New York Hospital, advised me to look in on Dr Schepens while in Boston. Charles Schepens’ reputation f...

Hereditary primary pigmentary degeneration of the retina occurs in a number of experimental animals, the condition closely resembling retinitis pigmentosa in man (Cogan, 1950). In therat, themodeofinheritanceisasanautosomalrecessivecharacteristic (Bourne et al., 1938), whereas in man the situation is more complicated in that at least seven different forms of inheritance have been recognized. In...

Spasm of the near reflex, as first described by Cogan in 1955, is a triad of intermittent convergent strabismus, accommodative spasm, and pupillary miosis. The accommodative spasm induces pseudo-myopia that is usually accompanied by visual blurring. It is a functional disorder that has been attributed to hysteria, although it can have an organic etiology. Definitive treatment remains problemati...