Various scholars and media researchers have adopted the view, that due to the Cold War, war discourse has become the dominant discourse in Western media and popular culture. We live in a deeply militarized culture in which for instance many ordinary metaphors have their roots in war and popular culture is full of war material. Consuming war as a natural part of everyday entertainment, the "war ...

In recent years, global tensions, geopolitical risks, political crises, regional conflicts, and wars have played an important role in the increase of defense expenditures countries. The economic effects increased spending become one frequently discussed topics. aim this study is to examine causal relationship between employment rates 18 NATO member To end, were analyzed using Kónya (2006) Boots...

During the Cold War the United States developed an espionage style that reflected its love affair with technology (technophilia) whereas the Soviet Union and the East Bloc continued a tradition of using humans to collect intelligence. This essay places the origins and development of these espionage styles during the Cold War in historical and social context, and assesses their strengths and wea...

This essay traces the histories and reverberations of socialist scholarship programmes which brought art graphic design students from Africa to USSR during 1980s. Drawing on accounts archives cultural workers who participated in or supported these programmes, it follows path one Mozambican cohort through a Graphic Design degree Uzbekistan. It shows how, by navigating between emancipatory opport...

This article argues that the history of geography should be written from an externalist perspective; that is, its history should be directly related to the larger historical context in which it is embedded. My example is American human geography during the early Cold War period. The argument is that as a result of America’s experience during the Second World War, the USA mobilised its academy t...

with the expression of the modernization theory as the dominant paradigm of development during the 1950s, approaches towards development were extracted from this paradigm. but with the birth of the attachment school of thought, the modernization theory was scrutinized. for latin american countries however, the attachment school of thought was considered a marxist ideology up until the end of th...

This article discusses the reception of Cassius Clay/Muhammad Ali in Finnish media from 1960 to 1965, during emergence satellite broadcasting networks. The focus is especially on his two matches against Sonny Liston 1964 and which had particular cultural political resonance Finland. Alongside other European sports fans, Finns were able follow bouts via broadcasts, demonstrating not only transna...