The authors present a especially constructed, lightweight, collapsible, portable and low cost model device for skills training in laparoscopic.

The objective of the present study is to make a database that describes leaching-permeability behavior collapsible gypseous soil. data will be implemented develop ANN prediction models for predicting saturated coefficient permeability and percentage solubility by weight. complex soil tedious time consume in testing have driven researchers use Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as tool prediction. ...

We prove that the (d − 2)-nd barycentric subdivision of every convex d-ball is shellable. This yields a new characterization of the PL property in terms of shellability: A sphere or a ball is PL if and only if it becomes shellable after sufficiently many barycentric subdivisions. This improves results by Whitehead, Zeeman and Glaser. Moreover, we show the Zeeman conjecture is equivalent to the ...

Railway track-bed materials are mostly in unsaturated state, and their hydro-mechanical properties depend strongly on their water contents or suctions. In France, problematic soils such as collapsible loess and swelling marl can be origin of instability problems for new lines for high speed trains, while the hydro-mechanical behaviour of interlayer soil formed mainly by interpenetration of ball...

In many arid and semi-arid regions, collapsible soils are well-known to be problematic in nature negatively affect the performance of engineering structures. Gypseous soil considers one types soil. It represents a real challenge engineers due different problems encountered by projects implemented this The mineralogy, composition, fabric gypseous its ability deform when subjected wetting (due ch...

In 1968, Matyas and Radhakrishna introduced the concept of state surface, demonstrating that unsaturated soil volume change is dependent on two independent stress variables, net total suction. For decades basic theory soils has been known, a holistic view elastoplastic response soils, based modified surface approach (MSSA), makes it clear method accounting for roles suction required to quantify...

The collapsibility of loess has a great influence on subgrade construction in Qinghai, China, so laboratory tests are utilized to evaluate the influencing factors, which illustrates that this region is not dominated by soluble salts but an alkaline environment, high porosity and low water content. situ self-weight submerging test reveals settlement regularities, with maximum 22.4 cm, suggests s...