The collected works of English mathematics educator, Mary Boole, might be invaluable for education and curriculum research that attempts to understand the question: “what counts as knowing?” Even though it was written before 1916, Boole’s work allows curriculum researchers and teacher educators interested in the question to experience a significant shift in thinking. For example, in the followi...

Most studies of coral reproductive biology to date have focused on oocyte numbers and sizes. Only one (ex situ) study has enumerated sperm numbers, even though these data have multiple potential applications. We quantified total coral sperm and eggs per gamete bundle collected from six species in situ during a synchronous spawning event in Singapore. Egg-sperm bundles were captured midwater as ...

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We analyze pattern formation in doubly resonant intracavity second-harmonic generation in the presence of competing nondegenerate parametric downconversion. We show that for positive cavity detuning of the fundamental frequency the threshold for parametric oscillation is lower than that of transverse, pattern forming instabilities. The parametric oscillation strongly modifies the pattern dynami...