Bluetongue, Schmallenberg and African horse sickness viruses are transmitted by vectors belonging to the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Among this genus, species of the Obsoletus complex play a crucial role in Europe. In Italy the complex includes three species: Culicoides obsoletus sensu strictu, Culicoides scoticus and Culicoides montanus. These three sibling species were identi...

Digital archives protect important data collections from failures by making multiple copies at other archives, so that there are always several good copies of a collection. In a cooperative replication network, sites “trade” space, so that each site contributes storage resources to the system and uses storage resources at other sites. Here, we examine bid trading: a mechanism where sites conduc...

Digital archives protect important data collections from failures by making multiple copies at other archives, so that there are always several good copies of a collection. In a cooperative replication network, sites “trade” space, so that each site contributes storage resources to the system and uses storage resources at other sites. Here, we examine bid trading: a mechanism where sites conduc...

background human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 infection is one of the most important infectious diseases in iran, and common isolates belong to the new crf35_ad subtypes. the gp120 protein, which is located on the surface of the hiv envelope, plays a role in entrance into host cells and immune responses. as there isn’t any clear analysis of the envelope protein of iranian isolates regarding p...

Supplemental Methods 15 Sperm sample collection and library preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Hierarchical clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Orthologous promoter HMR sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Ultra-conserved HMRs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

A wide range of water-holding containers are exploited by mosquito vector as sites for oviposition of eggs and larvae development. The study was aimed at determining the role of the construction industry in promoting mosquito breeding in and around the Accra metropolis, Ghana. A two-month larval survey was carried out at selected construction sites in and around the Accra metropolis. Routine da...