In the plumes of Hall thrusters and ion thrusters, high energy ions experience elastic collisions with slow neutral atoms. These collisions involve a process of momentum exchange, altering the initial velocity vectors of the collision pair. In addition to the momentum exchange process, ions and atoms can exchange an electron, resulting in slow charge-exchange ions and fast atoms. In these simul...

Red blood cell aggregation at low flow rates increases venous vascular resistance, but the process of aggregate formation in these vessels is not well understood. We previously reported that aggregate formation in postcapillary venules of the rat spinotrapezius muscle mainly occurs in a middle region between 15 and 30 microm downstream from the entrance. In light of the findings in that study, ...

Radio frequency identification (RFID) system is a wireless automatic identification mechanism. Now, it is widely applied in supply chain management, supermarket checkout process, public transportation, animal identification, the localization and tracking of objects and people, and toll ways. The tag collisions in RFID system is an unavoidable problem. The number of collision in previous tag ant...

Development of disaggregate models for estimating different property damage collision type frequencies in urban intersections has rarely been studied, particularly in Iran. It seems very little research work being implemented for studying the effect factors on collision type frequency at intersections. The main objective of this paper is to develop suitable statistical models to predict types o...

in recent research on modelling road collisions very little attention has been paid  to rear-end chain reaction collisions, which is characterized by more than two vehicles involved in a collision at the same time. the core aim of the present research is to develop a methodology to estimate such potential collision probabilities based on a proactive perspective, where deceleration rate to avoid...

The quantum transport in far from equilibrium conditions is determined not only by the nanostructure potential, but also by dissipative processes due to interaction with phonons. Of interest is the reduced Wigner function fw r p t , which is obtained by taking the trace over the phonon coordinates. We present an equation for the reduced Wigner function which is obtained after a hierarchy of app...

Duplicate data are commonly seen and need to be properly handled in the process of an intelligent search/surveillance/tracking etc. For better detecting and fusing them, we take a brand new perspective on feature fusion based on the “collision and reaction” mechanism of data objects. This mechanism can greatly facilitate differentiating duplicate data and non-duplicate data in fusion (reaction)...