Pneumatic artificial muscles are pneumatic devices with practical and various applications as common actuators. They, as human muscles, work in agonistic-antagonistic way, giving a traction force only when supplied by compressed air. The state of the art of soft pneumatic actuators is here analyzed: different models of pneumatic muscles are considered and evolution lines are presented. Then, th...

In this study, a non-contact type intraocular pressure (IOP) measuring system using reflected pneumatic pressure is proposed to overcome the disadvantages of existing measurement systems. A ring-type nozzle, a key component in the proposed system, is designed via computational fluid analysis. It predicts the reflected pneumatic pressure based on the nozzle exit angle and inner and outer diamete...

Pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) are becoming more commonly used as actuators in modern robotics. The most made and common type of these artificial muscles in use is the McKibben artificial muscle that was developed in 1950’s. This paper presents the geometric model of PAM and different Matlab models for pneumatic artificial muscles. The aim of our models is to relate the pressure and length...

The utilization of pneumatic muscles in various industrial applications is still in an early phase, due to the relative newness of these components. In this paper the authors present results of the ongoing theoretical and experimental research on the operational behaviour of pneumatic muscles. Information is presented concerning muscle structure, as well as data on the generated forces, positio...

Soft robots are made of compliant materials that perform their tasks by deriving motion from elastic deformations. They used in various applications, e.g., for handling fragile objects, navigating sensitive/complex environments, etc., and typically actuated Pneumatic/hydraulic loads. Though demands soft continuously increasing engineering sectors, due to the lack systematic approaches, they pri...

Fault diagnosis of pneumatic system of automatic production line is studied in this paper. A fuzzy neural network fault diagnosis expert system and pneumatic circuit fault diagnosis instrument are designed. The experiment device is built as well. In the end some experiments are done, whose results show that the expert system using fuzzy neural network can diagnose fast and truly fault of pneuma...

Pneumatic muscles are innovative tensile actuators consisting of a fiber-reinforced vulcanised rubber tubing with appropriate connectors at both ends. The working principle is based on a rhombical fibre structure that leads to a muscle contraction in longitudinal direction when the pneumatic muscle is filled with compressed air. This contraction can be used for actuation purposes. Pneumatic mus...

PURPOSE To compare the efficiency and cost effectiveness of a combined pneumatic and ultrasonic lithotrite (Lithoclast Ultra) and a standard ultrasonic lithotrite, (LUS-1) during percutaneous nephrolithotomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a prospective randomized trial, 30 patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) were randomized to PCNL with either the combined pneumatic and ultraso...

Background: Among various intracorporeal lithotripters, pneumatic lithotripter has become the widely used tool for the treatment of urinary stones. Recently the holmium: YAG laser has been used with a wide range of potential urological applications, including intracorporeal lithotripsy of urinary calculi. Purpose: Compare the effectiveness and complications of treatment for ureteric stones betw...