1. Many chemical contaminants are formed during the combustion of fuel both in the smoking and in the direct drying process. Examples include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), dioxins, formaldehyde, nitrogen and sulphur oxides (relevant for formation of e.g. nitrosamines). Furthermore, heavy metals are also found in combustion gases. The types and amount of contaminants depend on the fuel...

To carry out the investigation, a cylinder pressure model was developed based on the position of the crankshaft, engine load, engine speed, and fuel injection time. This model takes into account the maximum number of parameters involved. The accuracy of the model was verified by experimental results. The average error of the cylinder pressure, the average radical of the square of the error of t...

Different models of hypersonic diffusive hydrogen combustion in a thin viscous shuck layer (TVSL) at moderate Reynolds numbers have been developed. The study is based on computations of nonequilibrium multicomponent flowfield parameters of air-hydrogen mixture in the TVSL near the blunt probe. The structure of computed combustion zones is analyzed. Under conditions of slot and uniform injection...

Fuel droplets in combustors interact strongly with flames and turbulence in practical liquid-fueled combustors of terrestrial and aerial propulsion systems (Williams 1965; Sirignano 1999). Although a great deal of physical understanding has been achieved in purely gaseous combustion over the last century, not much is currently known about spray combustion at the fundamental level. In this short...

A simplified reaction mechanism for propane combustion has been derived. This scheme is based on two competitive fuel decomposition reactions. Further, the combustion of hydrogen has been used to derive the concentrations of the intermediate reactive species, and the kinetic parameters for the rate equations are estimated through comparison of the species concentrations calculated using detaile...

The existing methods of synthesis of thermoelectric (TE) materials remain constrained to multi-step processes that are time and energy intensive. Here we demonstrate that essentially all compound thermoelectrics can be synthesized in a single-phase form at a minimal cost and on the timescale of seconds using a combustion process called self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. We illustrate ...

The biomass market has experienced an increase in development, leading to research and development efforts that are focused on determining optimal biofuel combustion conditions. Biomass combustion is a complex process that involves divergent parameters and thus requires the use of advanced analysis methods. This study proposes combining grey relational analysis (GRA) and error propagation theor...

Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis of the thermal flow in the combustion chamber of a solid waste incinerator provides crucial insight into the incinerator's performance. However, the interrelation of the gas flow with the burning waste has not been adequately treated in many CFD models. A strategy for a combined simulation of the waste combustion and the gas flow in the furnace is intr...

The alternative energy sources are more and more used for production of heat. Several new combustion devices allow co-firing of different fuels, like dendromass and phytomass. The article analyses combustion of wood and straw pellets in the same boiler. Measurements were realized in two automatic heat sources – one is adapted to burn pellets made from wood or straw and another allows only burni...