Anal canal duplication (ACD) is a very rare condition, especially in adults. Four cases in adults are reported. In three cases, the orifice of duplication was located behind the native anus, and in one case, it was located anteriorly. In all cases, no communication between the anal canal and the tract of duplication was noted. Complete removals of the duplications were done through a perineal a...

In this paper we address the complexity issues associated with gate duplication for delay optimization. Gate duplication for general circuits has been proved NP-Complete [1]. In this paper we show that even the local delay optimization by gate duplication is NPComplete. Local fanout optimization (bu er insertion) for xed net topology can be solved in polynomial time [9]. Even the global fanout ...

It has been suggested that fish have more genes than humans. Whether most of these additional genes originated through a complete (fish-specific) genome duplication or through many lineage-specific tandem gene or smaller block duplications and family expansions continues to be debated. We analyzed the complete genome of the pufferfish Takifugu rubripes (Fugu) and compared it with the paranome o...

duplication anomalies are quite common with ureteral duplication anomalies being the most frequent. despite the relatively frequent incidence of a horseshoe kidney and duplication anomalies in any individual patient, the combination of horseshoe kidney and bilateral ureteric duplication is a very rare entity and very few cases have been reported to date. we present a case of a patient with nove...

Abstract Background Urethral duplication is a very uncommon congenital anomaly that predominantly affects males. This condition distinguished by the presence of two urethras, which might be incomplete or complete. The diagnosis urethral important, and missing this leads to delayed surgical correction patients. Voiding cysto-urethrography an important diagnostic method diagnose can provide stand...

abstract a 2.5 year old girl is presented with both hands constriction bands leading to distal amputations and the rare deformity of shoulder duplication in the right side accompanying constriction skin marking over the affected shoulder. the cephalomedial scapula articulated with the clavicle and the caudolateral scapula articulated with humeral head. the most important physical finding which ...

Case Description- A three month Holstein female calf with a supernumerary limb in the caudal cervical region was delivered to a private veterinary clinic in Kashmar.Clinical Findings- Clinical and radiographical examinations revealed a vestigial scapula, distally bifurcated humerus, two underdeveloped ulnae, two ossification centers for radius and more or less complete duplication of manus in t...

We have developed a comprehensive gene orientated phylogenetic resource, EnsemblCompara GeneTrees, based on a computational pipeline to handle clustering, multiple alignment, and tree generation, including the handling of large gene families. We developed two novel non-sequence-based metrics of gene tree correctness and benchmarked a number of tree methods. The TreeBeST method from TreeFam show...

BACKGROUND Müllerian duct anomalies represent a wide spectrum of congenital abnormalities ranging from simple uterine anomalies to more complex multisystem derangements. Complete duplication of uterus, cervix, and vagina may be associated with urologic and caudal gastrointestinal malformations. CASE REPORT We present a case report detailing the management of a morbidly obese patient with post...