Many European nurses were caught up in the horror of what happened to Jewish people during the Second World War, trapped in ghettoes and concentration camps. The advanced age of the nurses, however, decreases the number of firsthand accounts available. This paper reports on the experience of nurses in one camp, Westerbork, in the Netherlands, highlighting their work and relating their stories. ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the iodine status of long-term refugees dependent on international food aid and humanitarian assistance. DESIGN A series of cross-sectional two-stage cluster or systematic random sample surveys which assessed urinary iodine excretion and the prevalence of visible goitre. Salt samples were also collected and tested for iodine content by titration. SETTING Six refugee camp...

Until the mid-20th century, mortality rates were often very high during measles epidemics, particularly among previously isolated populations (e.g., islanders), refugees/internees who were forcibly crowded into camps, and military recruits. Searching for insights regarding measles mortality rates, we reviewed historical records of measles epidemics on the Polynesian island of Rotuma (in 1911), ...

Jews crowded into the ghettos and concentration camps of World War II were desperate for any avenue of resistance or escape, not only physically but also mentally. In the ghetto concentration camp Theresienstadt, the prisoner-run Ghetto Central Library, complete with bookmobile system, reading room, and branch libraries, served as a reminder that minds and imaginations remained active and free,...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the concentration of residual chlorine in drinking water supplies in refugee camps, South Sudan, March-April 2013. METHODS For each of three refugee camps, we measured physical and chemical characteristics of water supplies at four points after distribution: (i) directly from tapstands; (ii) after collection; (iii) after transport to households; and (iv) after several...

Abstract Improper sanitation and waste management is the number one cause for ill health, disease death throughout world, particularly under extremely dense living conditions in refugee camps global South. This paper discusses results of a mixed-method study conducted Rohingya camps, located Chittagong, Bangladesh, currently hosting world's largest concentration refugees. Our structured questio...

Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) represent a crucial component of the innate immune system in vertebrates. Although widely studied in mammals, little is known about the structure and function of fish CAMPs. Further to the previous findings, two more cathelicidin genes and multiple transcripts from rainbow trout were identified in the present study. Interestingly, we found that trout ...

thousand. Four years later there were about two hundred camps in existence, and five thousand boys were in the field. The number has increased steadily and rapidly in the last five years. Five years ago about ten thousand boys received the benefit of outdoor life during the summer months. During the past season, 1907, there were between four and five hundred summer camps, and about twenty-five ...