On the “standard” view of conceptual metaphors (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980; Kövecses, 2002), metaphorical creativity arises from cognitive processes extending, elaboration, questioning, combining content in source domain Turner, 1989). I will propose that such cases constitute only a part creativity. An equally important common set is comprised by what call “context-induced” metaphors. discuss fi...

Metaphors are a common way to express creative language, yet the cognitive basis of figurative language production remains poorly understood. Previous studies found that higher individuals can better comprehend novel metaphors, potentially due more flexible semantic memory network structure conducive remote conceptual combination. The present study extends this domain metaphor and examined whet...

Previous metaphor studies have paid much attention to nominal metaphors and predicative metaphors, but little attention has been given to adjective metaphors. Although some studies have focused on adjective metaphors, they only examined differences in the acceptability of various types of adjective metaphors. This paper explores the cognitive effects evoked by adjective metaphors. Three psychol...

Metaphor research in the contemporary world has its foot mainly in two disciplines: cognitive science and linguistic science. In the field of cognitive psychology alone, there are a number of theoretical frameworks, among which are salience imbalance theory (Ortony, 1979), domains-interaction theory (Tourangeau & Sternberg, 1981), structure-mapping theory (Gentner, 1989), and conceptual metapho...

Conceptual Theory of Metaphor (CTM), first proposed by Lakoff and Johnson (1980), is an approach to metaphor which releases it from the bounds of language and instead places it in the domain of cognition. According to this approach, metaphor and cognition are in a bilateral relationship, that is, each metaphor has a cognitive basis and conceptualization in the mind mostly takes place via metaph...

Starting from the observation by Lakoff and Núñez (2000) that the process for mathematical discoveries is essentially one of creating metaphors, we show how Information Flow theory (Barwise & Seligman, 1997) can be used to formalise the basic metaphors for arithmetic that ground the basic concepts in the human embodied nature. 1 The Cognition of Mathematics Mathematics is most commonly seen as ...

We propose that there are four fundamental kinds of metaphor that are uniquely mapped onto specific brain ‘‘networks’’ and present preliterate (i.e., evolutionary, including before the appearance of written language in the historical record), prelinguistic (i.e., developmental, before the appearance of speech in human development), and extralinguistic (i.e., neuropsychological, cognitive) evide...

Languages exhibit striking semantic diversity, but different languages often share core metaphors. Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980) claims that universal human experiences give rise to conceptual representations that are then expressed in language. But languages change slowly, making it difficult to observe implicit conceptualization affecting linguistic convention in real ti...