In a context of ageing reinforced concrete structures, electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE) is an interesting treatment for structures damaged by chloride-induced corrosion. This paper summarises the state art presenting concept ECE, assessing available measurement techniques and discussing influencing factors. The determination ECE efficacy requires consideration different results, partic...

The physiological effects of episodic pH fluctuations on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts in eastern Maine, U.S.A., were investigated. During this study, S. salar smolts were exposed to ambient stream-water chemistry conditions at nine sites in four catchments for 3 and 6 day intervals during the spring S. salar smolt migration period. Plasma chloride, plasma glucose, gill aluminium and gill ...

Nano materials have been widely used in laboratory and industrial scales in order to improve various properties of concrete and concrete mixture. The mainstream practice of the researches in this field is to add metallic nano-particles into the concrete mixture. The present research focuses on adding Micro-Nano Air Bubbles (MNAB) into water before mixing it with aggregate and cement mixtures. I...

It is well known that the electric resistivity of concrete is one of the useful durability indicators for chloride induced deterioration of concrete structures. In this study, the influence of air temperature and relative water content ratio in concrete on some measuring results of the electric resistivity was investigated by using the concrete specimens which were exposed in tidal zone. In add...

The consumption of sodium in excessive amount may lead to heart disease, which is the first leading cause of death in the United States. Process cheese is one of the high salt containing milk products. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of potassium chloride (KCl) and potassium based emulsifying salts as a salt (NaCl) replacer on the chemical and microbiological...

the effect of chloride ions concentration on the electrochemical behavior of aisi 410 stainless steel in thesimulated concrete pore (0.1 m naoh + 0.1 m koh) solution was investigated by various electrochemicalmethods such as potentiodynamic polarization, mott–schottky analysis and electrochemical impedancespectroscopy (eis). potentiodynamic polarization curves revealed that increasing chloride ...

with a mean precipitation rate, much lower than that of the world, iran is among the countries that face severe water challenges. the present study has dealt with the evaluation of hydrochemistry of faryab spring water in hormozgan province, iran. four different composite water samples have been analyzed to detect major anions, cations, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, ph, and s...

This paper presents the results of a sensitivity analysis of the diffusion-based corrosion initiation model for reinforced concrete structures built in chloride-laden environments. Analytical differentiation techniques are used to determine the sensitivity of the time to corrosion initiation to the four governing parameters of the model, which include chloride diffusivity in concrete, chloride ...

Groundwater is a major drinking water resource in arid coastal regions. The groundwater quality of Bosaso city experienced degradation due to rapid urbanization and industrialization. This study was carried out delineate the spatial distribution parameters evaluate suitability for irrigation uses. samples were collected from Plain determine pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved soli...

When uninjured cells of Valonia are placed in methylene blue dissolved in sea water it is found, after 1 to 3 hours, that at pH 5.5 practically no dye penetrates, while at pH 9.5 more enters the vacuole. As the cells become injured more dye enters at pH 5.5, as well as at pH 9.5. No dye in reduced form is found in the sap of uninjured cells exposed from 1 to 3 hours to methylene blue in sea wat...