This study investigated electrophysiological correlates of belief-bias effects in syllogistic reasoning. Event-related brain potentials were recorded for minor premises with which participants were required to draw a logic conclusion during three conditions: the inhibitory belief condition (IBC, the belief is inhibitory to the logical task), the facilitatory belief condition (FBC, the belief is...

nowadays, belief in the criteria and conditions of interactions with an organization to promote customer relationships is somehow tied to the organizational performance, and its final goal is of great importance. in the literature on organizational behavior, this belief is defined as the “psychological contract”. the intention of this mixed research is to identify and discover the contents of p...

ahmad waeli is one of the iraqi and shiite contemporary poets in the field of religious poem.in this type of poem, he has been able to set a strong link between the virtues of  ahl-e-beit (peace be upon them) and  political, social and cultural conditions prevailing his era. his religion poem is accompanied with wisdom and temperance. further, his religious poem shows his strong emotion, belief...

Bruno de Finetti is one of the founding fathers of the subjectivist school of probability, where probabilities are interpreted as rational degrees of belief. His work on the relation between the theorems of probability and rationality is among the corner stones of modern subjective probability theory. De Finetti maintained that rationality requires that degrees of belief be coherent, and he arg...

unlike teacher beliefs, there has been a dearth of study regarding efl learner beliefs. the reason can be that horwitz (1987) and the existing literature has predominantly been in an esl context. the present study reports the development and validation of a scale to measure the learner beliefs about language learning in iranian efl contexts. using a combination of verbal creativity method, inte...

A belief operator derived from preferences is presented. It generalizes ‘belief with probability 1’ to incomplete preferences and satisfies minimal requirements for belief operators under weak conditions. JEL Classification no: D81.

This paper focuses on probability updates in multiply-connected belief networks. Pearl has designed the method of conditioning, which enables us to apply his algorithm for belief updates in singly-connected networks to multiply-connected belief networks by selecting a loop-cutset for the network and instantiating these loop-cutset nodes. We discuss conditions that need to be satisfied by the se...

Belief revision is the process of revising beliefs in light of new information. Belief contraction is the process of giving up beliefs to make them consistent with new information. The Levi and Harper Identities provide constructions of revisions and contractions in terms of each other. This paper gives necessary and sufficient conditions for when revisions can be constructed from contractions,...