The research about effective learning resonates with this truth: in order for learners to process energetically and learn deeply, they must choose to engage (Blumenfield, Kempler, & Krajcik, 2006; Jonassen, 1988; Keller & Suzuki, 1988). Learning is an act: It requires the learner’s energy, choice, and employment of effective learning strategies. Because learning is an act—something a learner mu...

Curiosity, interest, and intrinsic motivation are critical to the development of competence, knowledge, and expertise. Without a mechanism of intrinsic motivation, people would rarely explore new things, learn for its own sake, or engage with uncertain tasks despite feelings of confusion and anxiety. This article explores two sides of interest: momentary feelings (the emotion of interest) and e...

A confusion matrix (Kohavi and Provost, 1998) contains information about actual and predicted classifications done by a classification system. Performance of such systems is commonly evaluated using the data in the matrix. The following table shows the confusion matrix for a two class classifier. The entries in the confusion matrix have the following meaning in the context of our study: ● a is ...

A number of theoretical perspectives have been developed across time to provide an understanding of the reasons for management’s decision to report information to stakeholders. For example, some stakeholder research is normative identifying how it is believed management should act towards stakeholders, whilst other stakeholder research is positive, seeking to explain and predict how management ...

Considerations stemming from a basic taxonomy of emotion suggest that the creation of social bonds is a critical domain for affective neuroscience. A critical phenomenon within this group of processes promoting attachment is empathy, a process essential to mitigation of human suffering, and for both the creation and long term stability of social bonds. Models of empathy emerging from cognitive ...

despite advances in antiviral therapy over the past 2 decades, herpes simplex encephalitis (hse) remains a serious illness with significant risk of morbidity and mortality. hse includes a range of clinical presentations, from aseptic meningitis and fever to a severe rapidly progressive form with mental status changes (clouding of consciousness, confusion, disorientation, personality changes) an...

R&D intensity has been highlighted as an important factor in analyzing the relationship between corporate social (CSP) and financial performance (CFP). However, underlying mechanisms of how influences CSP-CFP have caused a great deal confusion: first, while controlling for intensity, studies continued to report ambiguous results and, second, many found be negatively related CFP. Motivated by in...

The study of hearing impaired speech recognition at the consonant level allows for a detailed examination of individual variability. Use of low-context stimuli, such as consonants, aids in minimizing the influence of some variable cognitive abilities (e.g., use of context, memory) across listeners and focuses on differences in the processing or interpretation of the existing acoustic consonant ...

To a first-order approximation, binaural localization cues are ambiguous: many source locations give rise to nearly the same interaural differences. For sources more than a meter away, binaural localization cues are approximately equal for any source on a cone centered on the interaural axis (i.e., the well-known "cone of confusion"). The current paper analyzes simple geometric approximations o...