Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) or congenital hip dysplasia (CDH) is the most prevalent developmental childhood hip disorder. It includes a wide spectrum of hip abnormalities ranging from dysplasia to subluxation and complete dislocation of the hip joint. The natural history of neglected DDH in adults is highly variable. The mean age of onset of symptoms is 34.5 years for dysplastic DD...

backgroundcongenital heart diseases (chd) are the most common congenital anomaly in children and also the leading cause of mortality from congenital anomalies. various factors including smoking, drinking alcohol and addiction play role in development of congenital heart diseases. this study was conducted with the aim of investigation of the prevalence of addiction in parents of children with co...

background: extracardiac malformations can be seen in 20-45% of infants with congenital heart disease (chd). chromosomal abnormalities exist in 5-10% of patients with chd. the aim of this study was to assess the frequency of overt extra cardiac malformations in children with chd. methods: this descriptive epidemiologic study was conducted on 720 patients with chd referred to the pediatric cardi...

introduction: infective endocarditis (ie) causes serious complications in patients. congenital heart disease (chd) is an important underlying condition in children. case presentation: a 6-year-old girl with ventricular septal defect (vsd) was presented. echocardiography revealed large vegetation in right ventricular outflow tract near the pulmonary valve. the patient showed clinical symptoms of...

due to advanced treatments in the field of heart disease, cyanotic heart disease patients have a greater chance of survival, and nowadays many of them live until adolescence or middle age. one of the signs of this disease is blood hypoxia, which has acute and chronic effects on the cns. in this paper the effect of chronic hypoxia on children affected by cyanotic congenital heart disease (chd) i...

background : due to the increased prevalence of celiac disease in chromosomal anomalies and other congenital anomalies, this study was conducted to evaluate the seroprevalence of celiac disease (cd) in patients with congenital heart defects (chd). methods: this case-control study was done on 1002 children in two groups of chd patients (n=402) and controls (n=600). the serum tissue transglutamia...