Many palaeobiological analyses have concluded that modern birds (Neornithes) radiated no earlier than the Maastrichtian, whereas molecular clock studies have argued for a much earlier origination. Here, we assess the quality of the fossil record of Mesozoic avian species, using a recently proposed character completeness metric which calculates the percentage of phylogenetic characters that can ...

At Site 167 a nearly complete sedimentary section ranging in age from Pleistocene to Tithonian and composed almost entirely of calcareous ooze, chalk, cherty chalk, cherty limestone, and argillaceous limestone was drilled to a depth of approximately 1170 meters where the basaltic basement was reached. The relative continuity and age of the section makes it useful for studies of deep-sea diagene...

Abstract The 2200 m thick Cretaceous units of well Gänserndorf UeT3 have been biostratigraphically analyzed based on cuttings from 3210 to 5140 m. deposits the Tirolic Glinzendorf Syncline (a part buried Northern Calcareous Alps) can be largely correlated with Lower Gosau Subgroup Grünbach Syncline. An exception is basal unit, which has no equivalent in This lower unit subdivided into a non-mar...

The Durkan Complex is a key tectonic element of the Makran accretionary prism (SE Iran) and it has been interpreted as representing continental margin succession. We present here multidisciplinary study western Complex, which based on new geological, stratigraphic, biostratigraphic data, well geochemical data volcanic meta-volcanic rocks forming this complex. Our show that complex consists dist...

Abstract The role of deep hydrothermal fluid circulation through fractures and their impact on the sandstone host rock is studied in an extensional sedimentary basin (Cameros Basin, Spain) affected by a post-extensional metamorphism. quartzarenites Urbión Group constituted hydrocarbon carrier very low to low-grade metamorphism during Late Albian Coniacian. This process generated abundant quartz...

The classic Neotethyan Ankara Melange formed within the Triassic-Eocene İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan ocean (‘N Neotethys’), bordered in central Anatolia by Kırşehir and Tauride-Anatolide continental units to south discontinuous Sakarya continent northwest. Farther north, separate Intra-Pontide probably remained partly open until early Cenozoic. developed via phases of intra-oceanic accretion (mainly p...

Artesian basins include groundwater that may rise above the land surface with free-flow conditions which make it possible to exploit without pumping. The change non-artesian have large implications for local people using artesian wells drinking and other purposes. We applied a 3D physically based model assess future head developments in Turonian-Coniacian (T.C.) aquifer of southern Benin under ...

いわき市アンモナイトセンターの双葉層群足沢層大久川部層（コニアシアン下部）のアンモナイト（主に径40-60 cmのMesopuzosia yubarensis）密集層と直下にある炭酸塩コンクリーション濃集層の，堆積相・産状観察と地球化学分析から形成過程を考察した．M. yubarensisは，沖合いの生息場から死後浮遊で沿岸に達した軟体部の失われた殻が，ストーム波浪で住房部が破壊され，分級・集積・運搬され，下部外浜沖合い側で癒着HCS極細粒砂層のハンモックマウンドに沿って急速に埋積した．炭酸塩コンクリーションは，多様なサイズ（径15-194 cm）の長-扁球形で，密集しながらも比較的一様に分布する．コンクリーションの形成は，ストーム波浪で運搬された有機物と底質中のベントス遺骸の分解に伴って堆積物の浅所で始まり，その後，埋没に伴い堆積物深所におけるメタン生成帯での有機物分解が生じるまで...