Fine has introduced an important distinction between constitutive and consequential essence. The essence of object comprises truths directly definitive the whereas class following logically from (subject to certain constraints). Essence theorists then face a challenge: how shall we draw line those that are mere consequences them? offers answer. We start with object’s filter out its propositions...

The fundamental rationale for advancing the present investigation is traced back to the recognition that construct-irrelevant variances and construct under-representation threaten the value implications and the consequential validity of the tests, hence spoiling the appropriateness and usefulness of the test scores for the purpose of decision-making (Mesick, 1989). Accordingly, this article dea...

CONTEXT All assessment data, like other scientific experimental data, must be reproducible in order to be meaningfully interpreted. PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to discuss applications of reliability to the most common assessment methods in medical education. Typical methods of estimating reliability are discussed intuitively and non-mathematically. SUMMARY Reliability refers to the...

Consequential damage waivers are a frequent part of merger and acquisition agreements involving private company targets. Although these waivers are heavily negotiated, the authors believe that few deal professionals understand the concept of consequential damages and, as a result, the inclusion of such waivers may have an unexpected impact on both buyers and sellers. The authors believe that th...

The current experiment examined the neural substrates of response selection, comparing conditions that required participants to make criterion-free selections from sets of same-sex faces (i.e., inconsequential decision) to choosing a dinner date from opposite-sex faces (i.e., consequential decision). In each of these tasks, either a single face (i.e., no choice) or two or three faces (i.e., fre...

Across three experiments, the transformation of consequential functions in accordance with a seven-member relational network (A-B-C-D-E-F-G) was investigated. In this network, the relational rankings ranged from A, ranked the least, to G, ranked the most. In the first phase, contextual cues for more-than and less-than were established by training participants across multiple exemplars to select...

Two paradigms are commonly used to examine risky choice based on experiential sampling. The feedback paradigm involves a large number of repeated, consequential choices with feedback about the chosen (partial feedback) or chosen and foregone (full feedback) payoffs. The sampling paradigm invites cost-free samples before a single consequential choice. Despite procedural differences, choices in b...

BACKGROUND The ability to provide medical care during sudden increases in patient volume during a disaster or other high-consequence event is a serious concern for health-care systems. Identification of inpatients for safe early discharge (ie, reverse triage) could create additional hospital surge capacity. We sought to develop a disposition classification system that categorises inpatients acc...

This half-day workshop will discuss how to enrich research by marrying academic and industry-based work. Attendees will learn the theoretical, practical, and logistical complexities involved in advancing cognitive science across these distinct research sites. This topic is relevant to the cognitive community because academia and industry often have common goals but distinct capabilities. For ex...