information asymmetry is a negative event that gives manager incentives to use his private information to attempt transferring wealth from investors by overstating financial performance and consequently, stock prices during his tenure at the firm. the manipulations generate agency costs. conservative reporting is a mechanism that reduces the managers’ ability to manipulate and overstate financi...

Isolated blunt pancreatic injuries are rare. Diagnosis is often delayed due to minimal symptoms and signs. Elevated serum amylase or lipase levels on routine pre-operative laboratory investigations makes injury highly likely. Contrast Enhanced CT scan usually confirmatory. We reporting two patients who presented with abdominal trauma, haemodynamically stable, epigastric tenderness. Pre-admissio...

background : following establishment of iranian adverse drug reaction (adr) monitoring  center  in  1997, adr  committees  were  established  in  all  hospitals  of mazandaran province of iran. clinical pharmacists from mazandaran university of medical sciences have been involved with these committees since 2007. the aim of this study was to compare the results of the pharmacovigilance system b...

introduction: hepatic hydatid cyst is caused by echinococcosis granulosis. it is a major health problem in endemic areas. the modern treatment of hydatid cysts of the liver varies from surgical intervention to percutaneous drainage or medical therapy. a high rate of complications following percutaneous drainage, and ineffectiveness of medical therapy have shown not to be the definitive treatmen...

introduction: prevalence of abdominal trauma is increasing during recent years. abdomen is the third most affected part of body by trauma. early diagnosis can help us select better methods for managing abdominal trauma. even though newer imaging techniques such as ct scan are available, abdominal trauma is still a complex matter, which every doctor in the emergency department has to deal with. ...

OBJECTIVES Data mining algorithms have been developed for the quantitative detection of drug-associated adverse events (signals) from a large database on spontaneously reported adverse events. In the present study, the commonality of signals detected by 4 commonly used data mining algorithms was examined. METHODS A total of 2,231,029 reports were retrieved from the public release of the US Fo...

background: now the vast majority of breast tumors are treated using breast conservation therapy (bct) method, including lumpectomy and radiotherapy. this study aimed to evaluate the effects of intraoperative frozen section in patients undergoing breast conservation surgery. methods: totally 237 women who included in the category for breast conservative or oncoplastic surgery and post-operative...

internal bleaching technique is a common treatment option for discolored non-vital anterior teeth, but it is not advisable for cases with internal cervical resorption. therefore, other conservative bleaching techniques, such as external bleaching, may be proper treatment options in this situation. remaining discoloration should be covered by restorative options. the best choice for conservative...

BACKGROUND Surgeons may improve their decision making by assessing the extent to which their initial clinical diagnosis of a surgical site infection (SSI) was supported by culture results. Aim of the present study was to evaluate routinely reported SSI by surgeons against microbiological culture results, to identify patient groups with lower agreement where decision making may be improved. ME...