Constructal design is used to study heat removal from a square heated body with a tree shaped high thermal conductivity pathways embedded in the body. The objective is to minimize the defined maximum dimensionless temperature difference for the body. The thermal conductivity of the body is low, and there is a uniform heat generation on it. The volume of the body is fixed. The amount of high con...

This paper explores a new application of the constructal theory, namely in describing and predicting the formation of dissimilar patterns inside elements of the same species under different hydrodynamics conditions. Our study proposes an explanation for the differences found in morphology of stony corals, bacterial colonies and plant roots. It specially provides an answer to the following quest...

Pumping protons across a membrane was a critical step at the origin of life on earth, and it is still performed in all living organisms, including in human cells. Proton pumping is paramount to keep normal cells alive, e.g. for lysosomal digestion and for preparing peptides for immune recognition, but it goes awry in cancer cells. They acidify their microenvironment hence membrane voltage is lo...