Although consumer profiling advocates tout benefits from personalization, consumer advocacy groups oppose profiling in online markets because of concerns about privacy and price discrimination. Policies such as opt-out or opt-in that provide consumers the option to voluntarily participate in profiling are the favored compromise. We compare voluntary profiling to no profiling and show that volun...

This study aims to evaluate the link between economic growth and consumer price index (CPI) in Japan for the period of 1980-2014. Initial series were adjusted for stationarity using the Augmented Dickey- Fuller (ADF) test for unit root followed by the application of Johansen Co-integration Test in order to examine the long-run relationship among the variables, while the causalities were evaluat...

In the present paper, it is studied the price relations and how price is transmitted between the producer level and the consumer level for lamb meat. Data used in the research include consumer price index and producer price index for lamb meat covering monthly periods of 91 months since March 2001 through September 2008. Johansen's and Juselius's cointegration method and Granger causality test ...