Consumer-to-consumer interaction is an important activity in network communities. involves information and social interaction, which greatly influences consumers’ experience behaviors. The model of stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) usually applied to explain how environmental stimulus affects consumer behavior through the internal state. Thus, this research takes dissatisfactory consumers as o...

This article begins with an analysis of the state of the field of consumer research and scrutinizes three leading streams of research: the cognitive response paradigm, attitude theory, and the interpretive turn. After arguing that the field lacks direction and risks being overwhelmed by many fragmented additions to knowledge, I propose a unified approach to consumer research integrating consume...

Most competition authorities pursue a consumer standard – they seek to deliver an improvement in consumer surplus (i.e. the difference between what consumers are willing to pay and what they actually pay, aggregated across all consumers who purchase the good in question). Under this standard, if improving consumer surplus reduces profits, those lost profits are not taken into account. What do e...

In many storable-goods markets, firms are often aware that consumers may strategically adjust purchase timing in response to expected price dynamics. For example, in periods when prices are low, consumers stockpile for future consumption. This paper investigates the dynamic impact of consumer stockpiling on competing firms’ strategic pricing decisions in differentiated markets. The necessity of...

this study aims to examine the content of isps' websites in two countries, iran and malaysia. the sample contained 31 iranian and 19 malaysian websites. each website was content analyzed for use of various interactivity functions in three dimensions of consumer – message, consumer – marketer and consumer – consumer interactivity. our findings indicate that iranian websites tend to emphasiz...

Resource pulses are infrequent, large-magnitude, and short-duration events of increased resource availability. They include a diverse set of extreme events in a wide range of ecosystems, but identifying general patterns among the diversity of pulsed resource phenomena in nature remains an important challenge. Here we present a meta-analysis of resource pulse–consumer interactions that addresses...

Background: Internal tobacco industry documents and the mainstream literature are reviewed to identify methods and measures for evaluating tobacco consumer response. The review aims to outline areas in which establishedmethods exist, identify gaps in current methods for assessing consumer response, and consider how these methods might be applied to evaluate potentially reduced exposure tobacco ...

Enhancements in technology always follow Consumer requirements. Consumer requires best of service with least possible mismatch and on time. Numerous applications available today are based on Web Services and Cloud Computing. Recently, there exist many Web Services with similar functional characteristics. Choosing “a-right” Service from group of similar Web Service is a complicated task for Serv...

OBJECTIVE The involvement of consumers in the development of dietary guidelines has been promoted by national and international bodies. Yet, few best practice guidelines have been established to assist with such involvement. DESIGN Qualitative semi-structured interviews explored stakeholders' beliefs about consumer involvement in dietary guideline development. SETTING Interviews were conduc...

We propose new security architecture, called Fail-Safe Security Architecture (FSSA), which eliminates, or at least minimizes, the chance of privacy leaks for e-commerce customers, protecting their privacy even for the worst cases: the security administrators of the e-commerce servers convert to attackers or the merchants servers are hijacked by external attackers, giving the attackers full acce...