OBJECTIVE To describe the pathogens found in home nebulizers and in respiratory samples of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, and to evaluate the effect that a standardized instruction regarding cleaning and disinfection of nebulizers has on the frequency of nebulizer contamination. METHODS We included 40 CF patients (22 males), all of whom used the same model of nebulizer. The median patient age...

The bacterial communities present in the oral cavity and the lungs of 19 adult cystic fibrosis (CF) patients were compared by using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16S rRNA gene PCR products amplified from nucleic acids extracted directly from bacteria in clinical samples. Sputum samples were not found to be subject to profound contamination by oral cavity bacteria...

Fresh water scarcity is considered a significant component, and potentially one of the most critical, global climate change. With rapid development industry, there an increasing risk freshwater contamination by heavy metals (HMs). The danger HM pollution also attributed to their accumulation, which can subsequently become source secondary in aquatic environments. In Lake Gusinoe basin, located ...

Global water shortage is caused not just by the physical scarcity of water, but also gradual deterioration quality resources such as lakes, streams and rivers with heavy metals. This present study evaluated status Mn, Fe, Cr, Cu, Ni, As, Zn, Pb Cd in sediments from lower Orange River Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry technique collecting a total eleven samples, each weighi...

measurements of pb, cu, zn, as, ni, hg, and fe heavy metals and major elements and components such as ca, hco3, so4, na, k, mg and cl in soluble rain fractions were performed on rainwater collected at arak plain during the rainy seasons of 2012. concentrations of the heavy metals in the soluble fractions decreased for fe, pb, zn, ni, cu, as and hg, respectively and the major elements and compon...

The Conceição river basin, in Quadrilátero Ferrífero (Iron Quadrangle), Brazil, has a long mining history which dates back to the late 17th century, with large gold and iron mines. These activities may be associated sediment contamination by trace elements, were evaluated this paper enrichment factor (EF) (CF). Potential ecological risks, assessed combining quality control guidelines (SQCG) pot...

Little information is available on As contamination dynamics in the soil-plant systems of wetlands. Total arsenic (As) in soil and plant samples from Suaeda salsa and Phragmites australis wetlands was measured in the Yellow River Estuary (YRE) in summer and autumn of 2007 to investigate the seasonal changes in As concentrations in different wetlands. The results showed that soil As levels great...

the length-weight relationship (lwr) and condition factors (cf) of 180 the oriental river prawn macrobrachium nipponense collected from southern coasts of the caspian sea from may through september 2012 were studied. shrimp samples were taken and immediately transferred to the laboratory of fish biology at university of guilan for further analyses. length, weight and other external features of ...

BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by chronic lung infection. Minimizing exposure to pathogens is important. Treating a CF pulmonary exacerbation includes nebulizer therapies, but little is known about pathogen exposure from nebulizer equipment in CF. OBJECTIVE To assess microbial growth in nebulizer equipment used by hospitalized CF patients. HYPOTHESIS The small-volume nebul...

background :the present study was conducted to establish the patterns and risk factors of surgical site infections in our institution between 2006 and 2011.   methods: this was a retrospective cross-sectional study. the surgical site infection (ssi) was identified based on the presence of icd-10-cm diagnostic code in hospital discharge records. by using a standardized data collection form predi...