BACKGROUND Biphasic positive airway pressure (BIPAP) (also known as PeV+) is a mode of ventilation with cycling variations between two continuous positive airway pressure levels. In adults this mode of ventilation is effective and is being accepted with a decrease in need for sedatives because of the ability to breathe spontaneously during the entire breathing cycle. We studied the use of BIPAP...

Wright et al set out to assess the “health eVects” of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and the evidence for the eYcacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in this disorder. In their assessment they concentrated particularly on whether or not OSA causes cardiovascular disease. The review included more than 70 papers examining cardiovascular end points and less than 30 pertaining to dayti...

Pulmonary interstitial emphysema PIE is a recognized sequel of high pressure mechanical ventilation. Nevertheless, with the improvement in perinatal medical care, PIE started to be seen in spontaneously breathing infants. We present a 29-week-old girl who developed PIE on the first day of life, while she was on nasal continuous positive airway pressure, and was successfully managed with high fr...

OBJECTIVE Parkland Memorial Hospital (PMH) participated in Surfactant, Positive Pressure, and Oxygenation Randomized Trial (SUPPORT), an unblinded controlled trial, in which preterm neonates of 24(0/7) to 27(6/7) weeks' gestational age (GA) were randomized in the delivery room (DR) to endotracheal intubation or nasal continuous positive airway pressure. We hypothesized that DR intubation could ...

BACKGROUND Patients treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nasal CPAP) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) often have adverse effects from and poor adherence to CPAP. OBJECTIVE To describe abnormal CPAP leak profiles and assess inter-observer reliability in identifying leak profiles and the correlation of leak profiles with leak rate and clinical outcomes. METHODS In a sleep-...

BACKGROUND A study was performed to evaluate the effect of discontinuation of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) treatment on snoring characteristics. METHODS Eighteen non-apnoeic snoring subjects were randomly allocated to either a no treatment control group or an NCPAP treatment group. The control group was studied twice (baseline and day 30 of follow up). In the NCPAP group ...

BACKGROUND Nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux (nGER) is common in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Small, short-term studies have shown that treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) decreases esophageal acid exposure. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between OSA and nGER, and the effect of CPAP on nGER, in a long-term follow-up study of a large cohort of...

The aim of the present study was to assess whether nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) treatment, applied for only a few hours at the beginning of the night, has any residual effect on sleep and breathing during the ensuing hours of unassisted sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). In 27 patients with newly-diagnosed OSAS, effective nCPAP was applied duri...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the standard therapy for sleep apnea; however, compliance rates are historically poor. Among the most commonly cited reasons for nonadherence is nasal obstruction. Our study sought to examine if nasal surgery actually increases CPAP compliance. STUDY DESIGN Prospective case series. METHODS Nasal CPAP-intolerant obstru...

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is not only a problem of the upper airway but is a systemic condition with endocrine and metabolic interactions. The accumulating body of evidence shows that SDB induces changes in the serum levels or secretory patterns of several hormones. Conversely, various endocrine disorders and hormone therapies may induce, exacerbate or alleviate SDB. Much of the understa...