This paper presents an efficient master–slave methodology to solve the problem of integrating photovoltaic (PV) generators into DC grids for a planning period 20 years. The is mathematically formulated as Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) with objective minimizing total annual operating cost. main stage, consisting discrete-continuous version Crow search algorithm (DCCSA), in charge d...

Abstract In this work, an experimental study on new series connection of two Ranque-Hilsch vortex tubes with generator materials, potential in seawater desalination was implemented, combined modification has not been studied open literature. Polycarbonate and Polyamide-Nylon 6 were tested compared as materials that enhance the heat transfer between air streams inside tube. Moreover, using prehe...