Semantic properties that reflect quality criteria can be modeled by integrity constraints. Violated instances of constraints may serve as a basis for measuring quality. Such measures also serve for monitoring and controlling quality impairment across changes.

This study examines the impact of foreign controlling shareholder trust on firm market risk using two measures total and idiosyncratic risk. An extensive global sample 12,496 firm-year observations from 43 countries is employed. The results show that firms controlled by trusting shareholders display lower levels in both measures. Trust appears more important for based with a less favourable ins...

background and purpose: delirium is a clinical syndrome with cognitive disorder, which occurs within a short time in the admitted patients, specially the elderly. regarding the fact that one third of the delirium incidences is preventable, applying nursing preventive measures is an issue of fundamental importance. the present study aimed to perform a systematic review over the nursing preventiv...

Results on the false discovery rate (FDR) and the false nondiscovery rate (FNR) are developed for single-step multiple testing procedures. In addition to verifying desirable properties of FDR and FNR as measures of error rates, these results extend previously known results, providing further insights, particularly under dependence, into the notions of FDR and FNR and related measures. First, co...

BACKGROUND Australia is the only high-income country in which endemic trachoma persists. In response, the Australian Government has recently invested heavily towards the nationwide control of the disease. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A novel simulation model was developed to reflect the trachoma epidemic in Australian Aboriginal communities. The model, which incorporates demographic, migrat...

OBJECTIVE An association between bipolar disorder and cognitive impairment has repeatedly been described, even for euthymic patients. Findings are inconsistent both across primary studies and previous meta-analyses. This study reanalysed 31 primary data sets as a single large sample (N = 2876) to provide a more definitive view. METHOD Individual patient and control data were obtained from ori...

This paper investigates the role of non-financial performance measures in executive compensation. Using a sample of airline firms we document that passenger load factor, an important non-financial measure for firms in this industry, is positively associated with CEO cash compensation. This association is significant after controlling for traditional accounting performance measures (return on as...

The safety of a food product depends upon the control of hazards that cause adverse health effects. Hazard control is accomplished by the use of a combination of properly operating control measures. When designing or revising a food safety system for a product or product group, it is essential to determine that the set of control measures are, indeed, effective in controlling the hazard to the ...