As a representative fluid-transporting system, fluid-conveying pipes play an essential role in many fields. For pipe system operation, fluid pulsation contains much information about flow parameters (flow velocity, pressure, etc.). Therefore, the measurement of is important for understanding internal flow. To use polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric film sensors to indirectly measure pr...

according to flexibility of pneumatic conveying systems with respect to other types of transmission systems, this system has wide application in industry and agriculture processes. one important application of this system is in the loading and unloading tankers and powdery bulk materials such as trucks carrying cement, plaster and sand. conveying efficiency is associated with pressure, which in...

Conveying hard and the abrasive materials has been one of the major operational problems in industrial situations. The erosion of plant components, especially the pipe bends by abrasive solid particles of a fluid stream makes installation of pneumatic conveying systems a very costly affair for industry. Most users have either lived with the problem or have employed expensive bend materials to r...