Cooperativity of ligand binding to allosteric receptors can be quantified using the Hill coefficient (nH) to measure the sigmoidal character of the binding curve. However, for measurements of the transition between conformational states, nH values can be misleading due to ambiguity of the reference state. For cooperative ligand binding, the reference state is a hyperbolic curve for a monomer wi...

Cooperativity in ionic liquids is investigated by means of static quantum chemical calculations. Larger clusters of the dimethylimidazolium cation paired with a chloride anion are calculated within density functional theory combined with gradient corrected functionals. Tests of the monomer unit show that density functional theory performs reasonably well. Linear chain and ring aggregates have b...

Nonreciprocal systems breaking time-reversal symmetry are essential tools in modern quantum technologies enabling the suppression of unwanted reflected signals or extraneous noise entering through detection ports. Here we propose a scheme nonreciprocal conversion between optical and radio-frequency (rf) photons using exclusively optomechanical electromechanical interactions. The transmission is...

The highly cooperative nature of Ca 2 -dependent exocytosis is very important for the precise regulation of transmitter release. It is not known whether the number of binding sites on the Ca 2 sensor can be modulated or not. We have previously reported that protein kinase C (PKC) activation sensitizes the Ca 2 sensor for exocytosis in pituitary gonadotropes. To further unravel the underlying me...