he transition from high- to lower-carbon production systems increasingly creates regulatory and market risks for high-emitting firms. We test what extent equity investors demand a premium compensate such thus might raise firms' cost of capital (CoE). Using data 1,897 firms spanning 50 countries over the years 2008–2016, we find distinct robust positive impact carbon intensity (carbon emissions ...

Current practice in economic evaluation is to assign equal social value to a unit of health improvement (“a QALY is a QALY is a QALY”). Alternative views of equity are typically considered separately to efficiency. One proposal seeks to integrate these two sets of societal concerns by attaching equity weights to QALYs. To date, research in pursuit of this goal has focussed on candidate equity c...

Current practice in economic evaluation is to assign equal social value to a unit of health improvement (“a QALY is a QALY is a QALY”). Alternative views of equity are typically considered separately to efficiency. One proposal seeks to integrate these two sets of societal concerns by attaching equity weights to QALYs. To date, research in pursuit of this goal has focussed on candidate equity c...

this paper explores the capabilities of multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithmin a simulation-optimization model for solving waste load allocation problems. the main goals are totaltreatment costs, violation of the water quality standards and equity. in this research, the water qualitysimulation model is coupled with a multi-objective optimization model, mopso. in order to derive...

Equity was a core value in the Alma Ata declaration on PHC. However, the interpretation of equity varied and its application became difficult. Equity goals and objectives have often been rhetoric rather than practical. Policy reforms since Alma Ata have been dominated by the neo-liberal economic ideology, which does not include equity as its core value. After 25 years, reforms such as the essen...

CAPM is often the method of choice among practioners for estimating the cost of equity for investment projects in developed economies. But for investment projects in emerging economies, CAPM tends to give estimates that are considered too low by experienced financial managers. Sometimes, CAPM estimates of the cost of equity for projects in emerging markets are even lower than those for comparab...