aim : the purpose of this study is to analyze the cost of gerd and functional dyspepsia for investing its related factors. background : gastro-oesophageal reflux disease gerd and dyspepsia are the most common symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders. recent studies showed high prevalence and variety of clinical presentation of these two symptoms imposed enormous economic burden to the society. co...

Purpose This paper aims to overcome the inability of both comparing loss costs and accounting for production resource losses Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE)-related approaches. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a literature review about studies focusing on approaches combining OEE with monetary units and/or issues. developed an approach based Cost Loss (OECL), introducing ...

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a method for evaluating the relative efficiency of a set of firms in a production process. Estimation of cost efficiency is one of the branches of performance evaluation. Cost efficiency evaluates the ability of producing current output with minimum available cost. Now let's assume that there are several groups of firms that operate separately and have differe...

this paper studies the effects of the structural variables of the iranian industries sector on the welfare cost using to the structure-conduct-performance (scp) theory. in other words, we investigate the role of structural components and their effects on the size of the welfare cost in iran's industry sector. we have used the leibenstein's model to calculate the deadweight loss and then the pan...

the rule of necessity to respect the principle of good faith in performance of the contract is the result of :union: rights and ethics. good faith in performance of the contract with subjective and objective criteria and using cost-benefit analysis, wealth maximization, game theory, efficiency and welfare standards, leading to the achievement of the objectives set by the parties of contract. la...

in this study, the performance of an irreversible regenerative brayton cycle is sought through power maximizations using finite-time thermodynamic concept in finite-size components. optimizations are performed using a genetic algorithm. in order to take into account the finite-time and finite-size concepts in the current problem, a dimensionless mass-flow rate parameter is used to deploy time v...

In this paper, an optimization framework is developed for performance-based seismic design of composite moment frames consisting of concrete filled steel box columns and I-shaped steel beams. Material cost of the structure and seismic damage under severe earthquake ground motions are minimized as objective functions. Two design examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability and efficie...