Usage Factor – 2013/2014 The Springer Journal Usage Factor 2013/14 was calculated as suggested by the COUNTER Code of Practice for Usage Factors. It is the median value of the number of downloads in 2013/14 for all articles published online in that particular journal during the same time period. The Usage Factor calculation is based on COUNTER-compliant usage data on the SpringerLink platform.(...

An experimental comparison of models for performing dead-time corrections of photon-counting detectors at synchrotron sources is presented. The performance of several detectors in the three operating modes of the Advanced Photon Source is systematically compared, with particular emphasis on asymmetric fill patterns. Several simple and well known correction formulas are evaluated. The results de...

An electrospray ionization ion source coupled to a time-of-flight mass analyzer incorporating a multi-anode time-to-digital converter is described. High-speed data acquisition (kHz mass spectral acquisition) rates are achieved. The four-anode detector produces a significant increase in detection/counting efficiency over that for a single-anode detector. In this work a 2.5 times increase in dete...

We discuss quantum algorithms that calculate numerical integrals and descriptive statistics of stochastic processes. With either of two distinct approaches, one obtains an exponential speed increase in comparison to the fastest known classical deterministic algorithms and a quadratic speed increase in comparison to classical Monte Carlo (probabilistic) methods. We derive a simpler and slightly ...

We describe a new Monte Carlo algorithm for the consistent and unbiased estimation of multidimensional integrals and the efficient sampling from multidimensional densities. The algorithm is inspired by the classical splitting method and can be applied to general static simulation models. We provide examples from rare-event probability estimation, counting, and sampling, demonstrating that the p...

The decline in frontal cognitive functions contributes to alterations of gait and increases the risk of falls in patients with dementia, a category which included Alzheimer's disease (AD). The objective of the present study was to compare the gait parameters and the risk of falls among patients at different stages of AD, and to relate these variables with cognitive functions. This is a cross-se...

We extend recent approaches for calculating the probability of program behaviors, to allow model counting for complex data structures with numeric fields. We use symbolic execution with lazy initialization to compute the input structures leading to the occurrence of a target event, while keeping a symbolic representation of the constraints on the numeric data. Off-the-shelf model counting tools...

38 LLE Review, Volume 93 Introduction Single-photon detectors (SPD’s) represent the ultimate sensitivity limit for any quantum radiation detectors. In the visible light range, the best known and most widely used are Si avalanche photodiodes (APD’s)1 and photomultiplier tubes (PMT’s).2 The operation of photomultiplier/avalanche devices is based on the electron cascade and multiplication effect, ...

We propose an efficient reconfigurable parallel prefix counting network based on the recently-proposed technique of shift switching with domino logic, where the charge/discharge signals propagate along the switch chain producing semaphores results in a network that is fast and highly hardware-compact. The proposed architecture for prefix counting N 1 bits features a total delay of (4 logN +pN 2...

Recycling of cargos from early endosomes requires regulation of endosomal tubule formation and fission. This regulation is disrupted in cells depleted of the microtubule severing enzyme spastin, causing elongation of endosomal tubules and mis-trafficking of recycling endosomal cargos such as the transferrin receptor. Spastin is encoded by SPAST, mutations in which are the most frequent cause of...