We show that for every n there are two simple curves on the torus intersecting at least n times without the two curves folding or spiralling with respect to each other. On the other hand, two simple curves in a punctured plane that intersect at least n times (and do not create any empty bigons) must either form a spiral of depth d or a fold of width cn/(d + 1) − 1, where c only depends on the n...

The prevalence and characteristics of mentorship among junior faculty in clinician-scientist and clinician-educator tracks were evaluated. Comprehensive improvement strategies are needed.

background: oral and maxillofacial pathology is one of the major courses in basic sciences relating dentistry to medicine and is the basis of learning many clinical sciences. since the periodic evaluation is important in identifying issues and solving them, in this study, students’ opinions were used to gather useful information for better planning in this course. the purpose of this study is t...

TN order to meet the requirements laid down in the regulations issued by the Scottish Board of Health for the training of health visitors, a special course of study has been arranged by the Edinburgh School of Social Study and Training, under the auspices of the University. Students who successfully complete this course and gain the certificate of the Central Midwives Board will be awarded the ...

The water cycle in the western United States changed dramatically over glacial cycles. In the past 20,000 years, higher precipitation caused desert lakes to form which have since dried out. Higher glacial precipitation has been hypothesized to result from a southward shift of Pacific winter storm tracks. We compared Pacific Ocean data to lake levels from the interior west and found that Great B...

The objective of this paper is to identify the incentives and barriers to marriage among cohabiting women, especially disadvantaged mothers who are targets of welfare reform. We use the newly released cohabitation data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979-2000), which tracks the partners of cohabiting women across survey waves. Our results support several conclusions. First, coh...

This study was designed to investigate the effects of three countermeasures--landscaping, building a fence and prohibitive signs--on the frequency of trespassing, which in this case means crossing the track at places where it is forbidden. At each location the official route was no more than 300 m away. The main results showed that the effect of each countermeasure on the frequency of trespassi...

This article presents the development of a knowledge-based expert system for a non-trivial application domain, i.e. selecting a customised postgraduate study program from existingand targeted sets of skills. Following a customised spiral development paradigm, the paper describes the problem domain, followed by the concepts and requirements involved in the expert system design. The main design c...

background: presentation of course plan were advised but presentations of  lesson plans were useful too. these items can introduce the course and lessons of each session to students.  the objective of this study was the determination of the effects of educational planning on learning of occupational diseases. methods: this study was a semi experimental study which was conducted by using the cur...