Introduction: Millimetre-wave fibre wireless applications [1] could profit from a small antenna that can be fully integrated with the microwave and optical components of the system. This can lead to smaller and more cost-effective fibre-fed antenna units. Active integrated antennas [2] are another application that could benefit from a directly integrated antenna. Printed antennas are the obviou...

A wideband resonant antenna loaded with coplanar waveguide (CPW) epsilon negative transmission metamaterial line (ENG MTL) unit cells is proposed. The CPW geometry provides high design freedom, and the metamaterial resonant antenna is designed on a CPW single layer where vias are not required. The novel ENG unit cell on a vialess single layer simplifies the fabrication process. The dispersion a...

Different methods to quantify soil porewater concentrations of contaminants will provide different types of information. Passive sampling measurements give freely dissolved porewater concentrations (Cpw,free), while leaching tests provide information on the mobile concentration (Cpw,leach), including contaminants associated with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particles/colloids in the porew...

After the release of the unlicensed Ultra Wideband (UWB) spectrum 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz for the commercial purposes by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), industries and academia pay much attention due to its properties of excellent immunity to multi-path interference, high secured data rate, low power consumption, and simple configuration. The feasible UWB antenna design face some chall...

This paper presents a novel approach for analysis of factors to be considered when designing a flip chip package. The analysis is focused on the use of multiple signal and ground bumps and incorporates the design of an experiment and statistical analysis of the outputs. The multiple ground bump configurations use a modified coplanar waveguide (CPW) launch and improvement in electrical performan...

Non-Local Means (NLM) and its variants have proven to be effective and robust in many image denoising tasks. In this letter, we study approaches to selecting center pixel weights (CPW) in NLM. Our key contributions are: 1) we give a novel formulation of the CPW problem from a statistical shrinkage perspective; 2) we construct the James-Stein shrinkage estimator in the CPW context; and 3) we pro...

two experiments were conducted to determine threonine (thr) requirements of two commercial strains, ross 308 and cobb 500, based on standardized ileal digestibility from 15 to 28d of age. basal diet consisted of wheat, triticale, and corn gluten meal was formulated according to quick chick (2006) to be adequate in all nutrients except for thr. incremental levels of supplemental thr were added t...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this article is to report on the quality of the existing evidence base regarding the effectiveness of clinical pathway (CPW) research in the hospital setting. The analysis is based on a recently published Cochrane review of the effectiveness of CPWs. METHODS An integral component of the review process was a rigorous appraisal of the methodological quality of publishe...

Citrus processing waste (CPW) pretreated under different times, pH and temperatures was investigated. Pretreatments at 160 degrees C for longer than 4 min with steam purging were needed to remove limonene, an inhibitor for fermentation, to below 0.1%. While hemicelluloses were solubilized well following all pretreatments at 160 degrees C, just 70% of the pectin was solubilized in natural CPW co...