The thermographic phosphor ScVO4:Bi3+ is used to obtain time-resolved surface temperature measurements with sub-oC precision at 5 kHz. Measurements are study transient heat loss and flame-wall interactions (FWI) within a dedicated narrow two-wall passage (crevice) in an optically accessible fixed volume chamber. This emulates crevice relevant many technical environments, where FWI less understo...

• All tested blends offer a HC and CO advantage over conventional diesel at low-load. emissions increase with increasing biofuel content medium-load high-EGR LTC. Crevice volume non-negligible for LTC operating points. An experimental study was performed on single-cylinder high-speed direct-injection research engine to determine the effects of biodiesel combustion characteristics during low tem...

AIM To evaluate the pitting and crevice corrosion characteristics of stainless steel (SS) and NiTi endodontic files in R-EDTA and NaOCl irrigating solutions. METHODOLOGY The corrosion behaviour of two H-files produced from different SS alloys (Mani, AISI 303 SS, Dentsply Maillefer, AISI 304 SS) and one file produced from NiTi alloy (Maillefer) was determined in R-EDTA and NaOCl irrigating sol...

Internal cavities in proteins produce conformational fluctuations and enable the binding of small ligands. Here, we report a NMR analysis of O2-binding sites by O2-induced paramagnetic relaxation enhancements (PREs) on amide groups of proteins in solution. Outer surface protein A contains a nonglobular single-layer β-sheet that connects the N- and C-terminal globular domains. Several cavities h...

Enclosure 2 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completene...

UNLABELLED The cytosolic N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase LytA protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is released by bacterial lysis, associates with the cell wall via its choline-binding motif. During exponential growth, LytA accesses its peptidoglycan substrate to cause lysis only when nascent peptidoglycan synthesis is stalled by nutrient starvation or β-lactam antibiotics. Here we pre...

The location and orientation of the heme in yeast cytochrome c peroxidase has been determined from a 2.5 A electron density map phased with two isomorphous mercury derivatives. The noncovalently bound heme is located in a crevice open to the solvent and is oriented so that the two propionate side chains extend toward the surface of the enzyme molecule. The crevice is lined with side chains that...

Identifying and quantifying the relevant properties of habitat structure that mediate predator-prey interactions remains a persistent challenge. Most previous studies investigate effects of structural density on trophic interactions and typically quantify refuge quality using one or two-dimensional metrics. Few consider spatial arrangement of components (i.e., orientation and shape) and often n...

The binding-site of the dopamine D2 receptor, like that of other homologous G protein-coupled receptors, is contained within a water-accessible crevice formed among its seven membrane-spanning segments. Using the substituted cysteine accessibility method (SCAM), we previously mapped the residues in the third, fifth, sixth, and seventh membrane-spanning segments that contribute to the surface of...