In this paper, we briefly review the current state-of-the-art in fiber devices for communication systems and propose some modifications to a previously reported all-fiber optical cross-connect node. These modifications seek to improve the node’s spectral characteristics, modularity, and optical spectral efficiency. Similar recommendations are also made for optical add–drop multiplexers to be us...

  Because of the piecewise linear nature of the data envelopment analysis (DEA) frontier, the optimal multipliers of the DEA models may not be unique. Choosing weights from alternative optimal solutions of dual multiplier models is one of the most frequently studied subjects in the context of DEA. In this paper, the authors have been inspired by the idea of Cooper et al. (2011) to propose a li...

Social responsibility provides a framework for ethical monitoring on the business enterprises activities whereby business enterprises must responsible to society and environment. This study based on financial variables and using the data envelopment analysis technique, ranks automotive companies in terms of social responsibility. Data and theoretical frameworks of the research are based on libr...

Cross-efficiency is a famous ranking method for data envelopment analysis (DEA) that deletes unrealistic weights pattern with no need to a priori information ‎related ‎to ‎weights ‎restrictions. ‎This‎ method analyzes each decision making unit (DMU) taking into account the best weights resulted from assessing other DMUs. In cross-efficiency evaluation, secondary goals such as aggressiveness, be...

One way to rank DMUs in DEA is the cross efficiency method. In this method, the efficiencyof each DMU is calculated by other DMUs optimum weights, which makes the ranking moreacceptable for managers. Existing alternative optimum weights in cross efficiency methodlead to several ranks for DMUs. Several secondary goals have introduced to avoid thisproblem, till now. In this paper, a new model is ...

In this paper, a method is proposed to calculate a comprehensive index that calculates the ecological efficiency of a city by combining together the measurements provided by some Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) cross-efficiency models using the Shannon’s entropy index. The DEA models include non-discretionary uncontrollable inputs, desirable and undesirable outputs. The method is implemented to...

This paper firstly reviews the cross efficiency evaluation method which is an extension tool of data envelopment analysis (DEA), then we describe the main shortcomings when the ultimate average cross efficiency scores are used to evaluate and rank the decision making units (DMUs). Subsequently, we eliminate the assumption of average and utilize the stationary distribution of Markov matrix to de...