Methods A total of 1490 pregnant women were assessed for first trimester ultrasonography. They had routinely measured crown-rump length (CRL) and nuchal translucency (NT) for screening for Down syndrome between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation. Cases with a NT≥3 mm were counselled further regarding the risk of chromosomal abnormality and prenatal diagnosis by fetal karyotyping. A complete follow-up...

The matching criteria were gestation (using an ultrasound crown–rump length or biparietal diameter measurement), duration of storage, and centre. Screening performance of the individual markers and combinations of markers together with maternal age was assessed using standard methods. In addition pairs of first and second trimester serum samples from 600 controls were tested to secure a larger ...

As shown in 138 embryos and fetuses in the 40-285 mm crown-rump length range, carpal and carpal-metacarpal "fusions" arise from incomplete separation of the cartilaginous precursors rather than from failure of initiation, thus accounting for the "fusions" seen in postnatal radiographs and the grooves that are evident enough in adult fusions. Radiographs selected from over 20,000 apparently norm...

The auricular length, auricular base length and auricular width were measured in 94 human fetuses with crown-rump (CR) lengths ranging from 49 mm (approximately 11 weeks of gestational age) to 250 mm (approximately 31 weeks of gestational age). The three measurement values showed linear increases as the CR length increased, suggesting that they are useful parameters to indicate intrauterine gro...