In the mouse embryo, the splanchnic mesodermal cells of the anterior heart field (AHF) migrate from the pharynx to contribute to the early myocardium of the outflow tract (OT) and right ventricle (RV). Recent studies have attempted to distinguish the AHF from other precardiac populations, and to determine the genetic and molecular mechanisms that regulate its development. Here, we have used an ...

The efficiency of a foam cuffed tracheal tube has been studied in protecting the pulmonary tree from aspiration of oropharyngeal and gastric contents. Following instillation of methylene blue dye above the cuff, subsequent fibreoptic bronchoscopy revealed no instance of dye staining of the tracheal mucosa. A "bench" study was undertaken subsequently to estimate the likely pressure that the cuff...

A 46-year-old woman was anesthetized for total thyroidectomy. The thyroid was massive, deviating the trachea to the right and causing attenuation of the trachea radiologically. She had symptoms of respiratory obstruction in the supine position. Awake FOB-guided intubation was done in sitting position after airway topicalisation, and the airway was intubated with difficulty with 7.0 mm cuffed or...

Most intensive care patients require frequent tracheal toilet, a procedure usually performed by suctioning the tracheal tube. Such procedures often result in the production and dissemination of droplets. We measured the distance visible droplets disseminated during tracheal tube suctioning of patients in an adult surgical intensive care unit. Fifty consecutive suction procedures in 14 patients ...

A six year old female child with Goldenhar syndrome, dextrocardia, a single functional ventricle, transposition of great arteries, pulmonary and subpulmonary stenosis and atrial and ventricular septal defects, obstructive sleep apnea, failure to thrive, speech and developmental delay presented to our institution requiring a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in order to delineate her card...

Results: Five patients (17%) experienced gastrostomy tube placement, 4 patients (13%) stricture, and 13 (45%) pneumonia. There was a significant difference in the fraction of gastrostomy tube placement among type II VHPL (36%), type I VHPL (0%), and type III VHPL (0%) (p=0.014). Flap size (lager than 70 cm2) was significantly associated with gastrostomy tube placement (p=0.043). No clinical var...