Plant cell wall formation is a complex, coordinated and developmentally regulated process. Cellulose is the most dominant constituent of plant cell walls. Because of its paracrystalline structure, cellulose is the main determinant of mechanical strength of plant tissues. As the most abundant polysaccharide on earth, it is also the focus of cellulosic biofuel industry. To reduce culm lodging in ...

Many induced mutants are available in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). One of the largest groups is Erectoides ert ) mutants, which characterized by a compact and upright spike shortened culm. isolated mutant, ert-k.32 , generated X-ray treatment registered 1958 under named “Pallas”, was first ever mutant to be released on market. Its value improved culm strength enhanced lodging resistance. In th...

Culm rhomboid rot is a new disease of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) and mainly occurs on grown at an altitude above 800 m. The typical symptoms start with black spots irregular shapes, which expand vertically into elongated, fusiform, or shape up to 15 cm in length. Eleven fungal isolates were isolated from infected tissue, the isolate BBB1 was confirmed as pathogen following Koch’s postul...

relationship between grain yield and its component traits can improve the efficiency of breeding programs by determining appropriate selection criteria. an investigation was carried out on barnyard millet (echinochloa spp.) global germplasm collection to investigate the association among yield components and their direct and indirect effects on the grain yield of barnyard millet. the experiment...

The phyllochron, which is defmed as the interval between similar growth stages of successive leaves on the same culm, has been used extensively to describe and understand development of grasses. The purpose of this paper is to introduce seven papers presented as part of the symposium Understanding Development and Growth in Grasses: Role of the Phyllochron Concept. Environmental (temperature, wa...

BACKGROUND Saccharum species such as sugarcane and energy cane are key players in the expanding bioeconomy for sugars, bioenergy, and production of high-value proteins. Genomic tools such as culm-regulated promoters would be of great value in terms of improving biomass characteristics through enhanced carbon metabolism for sugar accumulation and/or fiber content for biofuel feedstock. Unlike th...

A central element of the Green Revolution was the widespread adoption of semidwarf rice cultivars (SRCs) that more than doubled worldwide rice production (1). The high-yield potentials of modern SRCs are attributed primarily to their improved harvest index, lodging resistance, and responsiveness to high inputs (primarily nitrogen and water) (1–3), contributing to their adoption in irrigated are...