Even though entrepreneurs in different countries share some universal traits, they may also have other traits that are specific to their own national culture. Entrepreneurship behaviour is respectively linked to cultural values, and this association is based on the framework of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. Studies indicate that national culture plays an essential impact on entrepreneurship. ...

Using data collected from 25 interviews with Austrian employees in the European Commission, we explore the conditions under which cultural differences do and do not influence interactions. Previous experience with culturally-determined behaviour and experience working in a foreign language is found to foster norms that reduce conflict based on cross-cultural differences. Time pressure, on the o...

A persistent, but little researched, theme in demographic transition theory is that of transition, especially fertility transition, lagging for cultural reasons behind changes in material circumstances. A sub-theme is that of the lag time being shortened by social upheaval challenging the cultural retardants and thus causing demographic behaviour to catch up with economic reality. This paper ex...

Provided it has been properly processed and implemented in structural applications, including protecting against biological attacks and accounting for moisture induced movements, wood is able to withstand considerable duration of loading thanks to its good resistance to fatigue and sophisticated multi-scale composite structure. For that reason, it is still present as the structural element of v...

Models of cultural evolution study how the distribution of cultural traits changes over time. The dynamics of cultural evolution strongly depends on the way these traits are transmitted between individuals by social learning. Two prominent forms of social learning are payoff-based learning (imitating others that have higher payoffs) and conformist learning (imitating locally common behaviours)....

Research developments since the appearance of MacAndrew and Edgerton's landmark volume, Drunken Comportment (1969), are summarized. The challenge of moving beyond the book is to understand what lies behind cultural variations in drunken comportment. Four specific factors in variations in drunken comportment are discussed. (1) A common contrast is between "wet" societies, where drinking is banal...

Psychology has long ignored culture as a source of influence on human behaviour and still takes little account of theories or data from other than Euro-American cultures. This review deals with topics emerging in cross-cultural, cultural, and indigenous psychology and focuses on theoretical perspectives that shape current cross-cultural psychology. Theories at issue are put to the test as to th...

Despite the importance of cultural competence in health care, there has been no research to develop a framework for cultural competence in the Iranian context. This qualitative study at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences aimed to elucidate the views of medical faculty staff on the components of cross-cultural competence and compare these with similar studies published in English. Using a co...

Living in groups should promote the cultural transmission of a novel behaviour because opportunities for observing knowledgeable individuals are likely to be more numerous in this condition. However, in this study pigeons who shared the food discoveries of others (scroungers) did not learn the food-finding technique used by the discoverers (producers). Individually-caged pigeons prevented from ...

AIMS To evaluate the acceptability and effectiveness of cultural competence and antiracism training to professionals providing services to ill or disabled children. METHODS Immediate post-training and retrospective questionnaire survey of trainees. Main outcome measures were acceptability; perceived relevance to practice; previous training in this area; perceived impact on professionals' conf...